Physiological and Metabolic Effects of Yellow Mangosteen (Garcinia dulcis) Rind in Rats with Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of disorders that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. This study has investigated the responses to rind of yellow mangosteen (Garcinia dulcis), usually discarded as waste, in a rat model of human metabolic syndrome. The rind contains higher concentrations of phytochemicals (such as garcinol, morelloflavone and citric acid) than the pulp. Male Wistar rats aged 8–9 weeks were fed either corn starch diet or high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet for 16 weeks, which were supplemented with 5% freeze-dried G. dulcis fruit rind powder during the last 8 weeks. We characterised metabolic, cardiovascular, liver and gut microbiota parameters. High-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-fed rats developed abdominal obesity, hypertension, increased left ventricular diastolic stiffness, decreased glucose tolerance, fatty liver and reduced Bacteroidia with increased Clostridia in the colonic microbiota. G. dulcis fruit rind powder attenuated these changes, improved cardiovascular and liver structure and function, and attenuated changes in colonic microbiota. G. dulcis fruit rind powder may be effective in metabolic syndrome by appetite suppression, inhibition of inflammatory processes and increased fat metabolism, possibly related to changes in the colonic microbiota. Hence, we propose the use of G. dulcis fruit rind as a functional food to ameliorate symptoms of metabolic syndrome.

Improvement of intestinal flora: accompany with the antihypertensive effect of electroacupuncture on stage 1 hypertension

“…were higher in non-treated hypertensive (SBP:153.1 ± 14.6) than normotensive (SBP:109.7 ± 7.1) [ 62 ]. An animal experiment also confirmed that high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet induced increasing Clostridia in hypertensive rats in the colonic microbiota [ 63 ]. Therefore, types of bacteria, especially Ruminococcaceae and Clostridiales should be enough attention in hypertensive patients.…”

Diet type influences the gut microbiome and nutrient assimilation of Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

“…The resulting sequences were then trimmed to remove primer sequences before being clustered in zero-radius operational taxonomic units (zOTU). A de novo chimera removal was included in the clustering step with remaining chimeras removed using the UCHIME algorithm with reference to the SILVA reference database (SILVA SSURef 132 NR) [37]. zOTU sequences were then taxonomically classified using UCHIME by BLAST alignment against the SILVA database.…”

Rind from Purple Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) Attenuates Diet-Induced Physiological and Metabolic Changes in Obese Rats

“…We suggest here that this rind is a valuable resource with potential therapeutic effects in metabolic syndrome. We have likewise reported that the rind of G. humilis fruit (achacha) containing procyanidins showed cardioprotection in metabolic syndrome [ 17 ] and that the rind of G. dulcis (yellow mangosteen) attenuated physiological and metabolic parameters in obese rats through several mechanisms including modulation of gut microbiota [ 18 ]. This is anticipated as the rind, peel and seeds of fruits and vegetables often contain high concentrations of bioactive phenolic compounds [ 2 , 26 ].…”

“…Reference standards were injected and prepared as a calibration curve for calculation of the hydroxycitric and citric acid concentrations. For the hydroxycitric acid measurements, the rind of Garcinia quaesita was held as a reference sample at Analytical Research Laboratory, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia for herbal authentication [ 18 ].…”