Physiological and community responses of summer plankton to nutrient manipulation in the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea) with special reference to phosphorus

Kononen, Kaisa; Lahdes, Eila; Grönlund, Lars

doi:10.1080/00364827.1993.10413538

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…P, the NrP ratio decreased. Kononen et al 1993 noted that in the western Gulf of Finland during low inorganic nutrient concentrations in summer, alkaline phosphatase activity increased significantly in Nsupplemented experimental units. Addition of N may thus increase the utilization of dissolved organic phosphorus, resulting in increase of particulate phosphorus.…”

Section: Experimental Nutrient Limitation Patterns During Different Smentioning

confidence: 95%

Experimental evaluation of nutrient limitation of phytoplankton communities in the Gulf of Riga

Seppälä

Tamminen

Kaitala

1999

Journal of Marine Systems

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. PO -P l and two levels of combined additions were followed for 3 days using 6 l experimental units. To evaluate the 4 nutrient limitation patterns, time series of chlorophyll a were analysed using polynomial regression models and ranking method, taking advantage of the relatively constant experimental error. Apparent nutrient depletion rates and ratios were estimated, and compared with the changes in particulate nutrient ratios. During the spring diatom bloom in 1995, ambient inorganic nutrient concentrations were still high, and thus phytoplankton biomass did not respond to additions of nutrients. Ž Ž . y1 y1 Ž Chlorophyll a specific nutrient depletion rates were low 0.01-0.12 mg N mg chl a h and 0.002-0.016 mg P mg chl . y1 y1 . a h and linear over time, thus also revealing that phytoplankton was not limited by these nutrients in that time. In June 1994, there was an areal shift from N limitation in the outer Irbe Strait towards co-limitation in the southern Gulf. Later in July 1994, during the bloom of N-fixing Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, the N limitation was obvious for the whole study Ž Ž . y1 y1 area. For this period chlorophyll a specific nutrient depletion rates were high 0.36-0.67 mg N mg chl a h and Ž . y1 y1 . 0.089-0.135 mg P mg chl a h , and added nutrients were almost totally depleted during the first light period. After the collapse of cyanobacterial bloom in August 1993, the experiment carried out in the southern Gulf indicated P limitation of phytoplankton. The central Gulf was obviously co-limited, while the area between northern Gulf and outer Irbe Strait was N-limited. Our results indicate that phytoplankton in the Gulf of Riga, earlier considered strictly as P-limited, is at least until late-summer period N-or co-limited. It seems also obvious that there exists a spatial tendency in the phytoplankton limitation patterns, generally from more P-or co-limited southern Gulf towards more N-limited northern basin. q

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Section: Experimental Nutrient Limitation Patterns During Different Smentioning

confidence: 95%

Experimental evaluation of nutrient limitation of phytoplankton communities in the Gulf of Riga

Seppälä

Tamminen

Kaitala

1999

Journal of Marine Systems

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“…Although phosphate is important for the development of diazotrophic cyanobacteria, only a few detailed studies are available about phosphorus dynamics in this ecosystem and the role of cyanobacteria within the phosphorus cycle. Phosphate limitation of cyanobacteria and other plankton in summer is primarily deduced from the absence of measurable phosphate concentrations in water, and from high alkaline phosphatase activity (Paasche & Erga 1988, Graneli et al 1990, Kononen et al 1993. Kononen et al (1993) and Grönlund et al (1996) presented results of phosphate uptake rates in cyanobacterial blooms in the Gulf of Finland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus dynamics during the transition from nitrogen to phosphate limitation in the central Baltic Sea

Nausch¹,

Nausch²,

Wasmund³

2004

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Phosphate uptake rate, alkaline phosphatase activity (APA), nucleotidase activity (ATP-NA), and nutrient pool sizes were investigated in the eastern Gotland Basin from May until September 2001 to describe the phosphorus dynamics during this period, which is characterized by the transition from nitrogen to phosphate limitation and the development of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. Phosphate concentrations declined from 0.1 µM in May to 0.01 µM in June. However, the decrease in phosphate was not reflected in increasing organic phosphorus pools. Its concentrations remained at a relatively constant level of 0.4 µM. Development of plankton biomass in July was based on the intracellular phosphorus pool. The [ 33 P]PO 4 uptake rate and hydrolytic activities increased from very low levels in May to a maximum in July, decreasing in the following months. The development of these activities was associated with the development of heterocystous cyanobacteria. However, size fractionation showed that the [ 33 P]PO 4 uptake in the fraction >10 µm accounted for only a small portion of the total [ 33 P]PO 4 uptake rate, but for 41% of APA. Due to elevated total phosphorus concentrations of 1.0 and 0.8 µM in the buoyant surface blooms, phosphorus dynamics were different compared to situations when cyanobacteria were dispersed in the euphotic zone. Depending on the parameter used, a different length of the period of phosphate limitation can be estimated. Based on [ 33 P]PO 4 uptake rates and hydrolytic activities, phosphate limitation was restricted to 2 to 4 wk in July. This period is shorter than that indicated by phosphate deficiency and C:P ratios.

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“…The biomass increase in the Redf treatments was due to the growth of chroococcalean cyanobacteria, picoplankton, oscillatorialean cyanobacteria, dinoflagellates, chrysophytes, centric diatoms, chlorophytes and unidentified small flagellates. The same groups have also previously been stimulated by nutrient additions in mesocosm experiments in the Baltic Sea (Kononen et al 1993, Lagus et al 2004, Vuorio et al 2005.…”

Section: Phytoplankton Community Responsesmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…This is also mainly in accordance with the results of enrichment experiments in other parts of the Baltic Sea, in which the growth of filamentous, N 2 -fixing cyanobacteria dominated by N. spumigena and Aphanizomenon sp. was not affected by N and P additions (Kononen et al 1993, Kuuppo et al 2003, whereas Anabaena spp. were occasionally stimulated by P addition (Moisander et al 2003).…”

Section: Heterocystous N 2 -Fixing Cyanobacteriamentioning

confidence: 86%

“…It has been suggested that pulsed nutrient supply should be advantageous for velocity and storage specialists (Sommer 1985, Grover 1991. The small chlorococcalean chlorophytes, which in this experiment benefited from weekly nutrient pulses, are known for their rapid growth responses to nutrient enrichment (Kononen et al 1993, Moisander et al 2003, Vuorio et al 2005) and can therefore be categorized as velocity specialists. On the other hand, the biomass of cyanobacteria and chrysophytes was higher in the daily than in the weekly enrichments.…”

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confidence: 89%

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Interaction effects of N:P ratios and frequency of nutrient supply on the plankton community in the northern Baltic Sea

Lagus

Suomela²,

Helminen³

et al. 2007

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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An experiment was carried out in brackish seawater mesocosms to investigate the impacts of different N:P ratios and frequency of nutrient supply on phytoplankton and zooplankton communities in the Archipelago Sea, part of the northern Baltic Sea. The experiment used a 2 × 2 factorial design in which nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were added in either an N-deficient or Redfield ratio either daily or at 1 wk intervals. Both phytoplankton total biomass and the biomass of most phytoplankton groups increased most in the enrichments with a Redfield ratio. The effect of nutrient addition frequencies varied with time and between the 2 nutrient ratios. The biomass of heterocystous N 2 -fixing cyanobacteria was highest in the daily nutrient enrichment, while chlorophytes increased most in the weekly Redfield treatment. The concentration of cyanobacterian hepatotoxins increased during the experiment, but was not affected by the nutrient enrichments. The biomass of calanoid copepods increased more in the weekly than in the daily enrichments when the nutrients were supplied in a Redfield ratio. Small rotifers, on the other hand, were favored by the Redfield nutrient enrichment, especially when the nutrients were added daily. Based on the results of this study it seems that a daily nutrient supply favors cyanobacterial growth, while an intermittent but heavier nutrient discharge may result in a more advantageous plankton community, with fewer cyanobacteria and a zooplankton community dominated by larger species.KEY WORDS: Phytoplankton · Cyanobacteria · Zooplankton · Nutrient pulsing · Nutrient ratio · Mesocosm · Factorial design · Baltic Sea Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 332: [77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92] 2007 Phytoplankton species selection based on competition for nutrients is dependent on species-specific differences in nutrient transport kinetics, assimilation, and storage capacity (Tilman et al. 1982, Sommer 1989. Sommer (1985) divided algae into 3 categories based on their ability to utilize nutrients: (1) affinity specialists -species that have low requirements for nutrients and are efficient users of low nutrient concentrations; (2) velocity specialists -species that have high uptake and growth rates and are able to utilize temporary nutrient enrichment for rapid growth; and (3) storage specialists -species that are capable of storing nutrients in intracellular pools and which usually have relatively high uptake rates but only moderate maximum growth rates. A low and continuous nutrient supply should select for affinity specialists, whereas a pulsed nutrient supply should favor both velocity specialists that are capable of rapid growth after nutrient pulses and storage specialists that are capable of luxury consumption (Sommer 1985, Grover 1991.The nutrient kinetics of phytoplankton are strongly related to size (Stolte & Riegman 1996). Small algal species, with a high cellular surface to volume ratio, a...

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Physiological and community responses of summer plankton to nutrient manipulation in the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea) with special reference to phosphorus

Cited by 18 publications

References 28 publications

Experimental evaluation of nutrient limitation of phytoplankton communities in the Gulf of Riga

Experimental evaluation of nutrient limitation of phytoplankton communities in the Gulf of Riga

Phosphorus dynamics during the transition from nitrogen to phosphate limitation in the central Baltic Sea

Interaction effects of N:P ratios and frequency of nutrient supply on the plankton community in the northern Baltic Sea

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