Physiological and cognitive demands of orienteering: a systematic review

Batista, Mayara Maciel; Paludo, Ana Carolina; Gula, Jolnes Neumann; Pauli, Paulo Henrique; Tartaruga, Marcus Peikriszwili

doi:10.1007/s11332-020-00650-6

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Orienteering is a running sport that constantly challenges individuals to formulate a route as quickly as possible to the next checkpoints through unfamiliar terrain using a map and compass (Batista et al, 2020;Eccles, Walsh, & Ingledew, 2002). A recent systematic review summarised that the heart rate (HR) of the trained and national orienteers ranges from 150 to 200 beat.min -1 during a simulated or an orienteering race (Batista et al, 2020;Creagh and Reilly, 1997). Orienteers from the national team show a mean HR of 167 beat.min -1 while running on a combination of horizontal, decline and incline terrain (Creagh and Reilly, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

International orienteering experts’ consensus on the definition, development, cause, impact and methods to reduce mental fatigue in orienteering: A Delphi study

Lam

Sproule

Turner

et al. 2022

Journal of Sports Sciences

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Orienteering is an outdoor activity wherein participants use a map and compass to locate control points and choose the quickest path to the next control point in a natural environment. Attentional focus, rapid decision-making, and high aerobic fitness may influence orienteering performance. Therefore, this research aimed to seek international orienteering expert consensus regarding the definition, development, causes, influences and methods to reduce mental fatigue (MF) in orienteering based on practical experience. Following ethical approval, a threeround Delphi survey was conducted online with twenty-four orienteering coaches and athletes (or former athletes) from 10 different countries with international orienteering competition experience. The threshold of consensus was ≥ 70% agreement among respondents. The experts agreed that MF exists in daily life and orienteering with a substantial negative effect on their conscious decision-making performance and psychological responses. The experts disagreed that the form of MF that athletes experienced in orienteering training are similar to the competition. However, there was no agreement that MF would impact endurance and high-speed running performance during orienteering. This research refines the definition of MF and summarises the distinctions in what causes MF in orienteering training and competition, implying that MF should be addressed separately.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

International orienteering experts’ consensus on the definition, development, cause, impact and methods to reduce mental fatigue in orienteering: A Delphi study

Lam

Sproule

Turner

et al. 2022

Journal of Sports Sciences

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“…Orienteering, another sport in the VO 2max endurance group, was the seventh most tested sport with 4.2% of all samples. One could argue, based on the physiological requirement of a high aerobic capacity (Batista et al, 2020 ), that collection of hematological ABP samples in orienteering is important to detect and deter blood doping. This is however not a requirement by WADA (WADA, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ten years of collecting hematological athlete biological passport samples—perspectives from a National Anti-doping Organization

Bækken

Holden²,

Gjelstad

et al. 2022

Front. Sports Act. Living

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The hematological module of the Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) aims to reveal blood doping indirectly by looking at selected biomarkers of doping over time. For Anti-Doping Organizations (ADOs), the ABP is a vital tool in the fight against doping in sports through improved target testing and analysis, investigations, deterrence, and as indirect evidence for use of prohibited methods or substances. The physiological characteristics of sport disciplines is an important risk factor in the overall risk assessment and when implementing the hematological module. Sharing of experiences with implementing the hematological ABP between ADOs is key to further strengthen and extend its use. In this study, we present 10 years of experience with the hematological ABP program from the perspectives of a National ADO with special attention to sport disciplines' physiological characteristics as a potential risk factor for blood doping. Not surprisingly, most samples were collected in sport disciplines where the aerobic capacity is vital for performance. The study highlights strengths in Anti-Doping Norway's testing program but also areas that could be improved. For example, it was shown that samples were collected both in and out of season in a subset of the data material that included three popular sports in Norway (Cross-Country Skiing, Nordic Combined, and Biathlon), however, from the total data material it was clear that athletes were more likely to be tested out of competition and on certain days of the week and times of the day. The use of doping control officers with a flexible time schedule and testing outside an athlete's 60 min time-slot could help with a more even distribution during the week and day, and thus reduce the predictability of testing. In addition to promoting a discussion on testing strategies, the study can be used as a starting point for other ADOs on how to examine their own testing program.

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“…The heart rates obtained in this study indicated that both sexes realized the orienteering activity with high intensity. Studies show that due to the nature of the orienteering sport including aerobic and anaerobic needs, orienteers decrease to 80% of their activity in a short time, but they spent 90% of their maximal [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation of the Sex Differences in Terms of Internal and External Loads in Orienteering Activities

Biçer¹

2022

JOMH

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Background: Orienteering has been growing in popularity and is considered to meet several of the needs of adolescents. Factors such as the type of terrain and the technical difficulty of the course affect the load in orienteering. In order to plan sports training regimes and recreational activities, it is crucial to know about the internal and external loads of the actions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the sex differences in internal loads (heart rate) and external loads (distance covered at specific speeds) of the activities in orienteering. Methods: This study included 9 women with a mean age of 16.00 ± 0.83 years and 11 men with a mean age of 15.91 ± 1.22 years, who were all enrolled in a high school and who participated in school orienteering as a sports activity. The volunteer adolescents participated in the orienteering activity on a large, campus-like terrain that had a topographic map. The orienteering-specific goals were placed in this course at certain distances between them. Team Pro Polar was utilized to determine the participants' internal and external loads. The 'Mann-Whitney U' test was utilized for the comparison of the data obtained from the participants in terms of their sexes. Results:The orienteering activity was found to cause a high-level internal load in adolescents, but no statistically significant differences were found between the sexes (p > 0.05). Female course runners were found to cover distance mostly by walking and low-speed running. Men were found to cover longer distances than the women in moderate, high and maximum-speed running. Conclusions: The findings of this study show that orienteering is a physically challenging activity for both male and female adolescents. While the sexes were similar in terms of internal load, men were found to be exposed to a higher load in terms of their external load.

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Physiological and cognitive demands of orienteering: a systematic review

Cited by 14 publications

References 37 publications

International orienteering experts’ consensus on the definition, development, cause, impact and methods to reduce mental fatigue in orienteering: A Delphi study

International orienteering experts’ consensus on the definition, development, cause, impact and methods to reduce mental fatigue in orienteering: A Delphi study

Ten years of collecting hematological athlete biological passport samples—perspectives from a National Anti-doping Organization

An Investigation of the Sex Differences in Terms of Internal and External Loads in Orienteering Activities

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