Physiological and Biochemical Dissection of Mechanisms Underlying Puberty

Ojeda, Sergio R.; Urbanski, Henryk F.; Ahmed, C. E.; Rogers, Lisa C.; Gonzalez, D

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-1971-7_10

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The majority of studies on the neuroendocrine events preceding and initiating puberty in male rats have focused on the period immediately before the rise in testicular testosterone (around days 38-40) (7,8,10,(28)(29)(30). The higher serum luteinizing hormone (LH) baseline and pulse amplitude seen at the onset of puberty is a reflection of both the higher levels of GnRH secreted into the portal vessels (28,29) and the increased sensitivity of the pituitary to sex steroids at this time (28)(29)(30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the ontogeny of hormone production postnatally is well defined, the intricacies of the central mechanisms underlying the ontogenetic changes are now being unraveled (for reviews see references [1][2][3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using hypothalamic explants from male rats, it has been shown that the frequency of pulsatile GnRH secretion in vitro was low on day 15 (i.e., before weaning) whereas an increase of nearly twofold occurred on day 25 (i.e., soon after weaning) (12,17,18). In a recent study, it was shown that GnRH mRNA levels were low in both male and female rats in the infantile period (days [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] and elevated in the juvenile and peripubertal periods (days 30-60) (19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prepubertal increases in gonadotropin-releasing hormone mRNA, gonadotropin-releasing hormone precursor, and subsequent maturation of precursor processing in male rats.

Dutlow¹,

Rachman²,

Jacobs³

et al. 1992

J. Clin. Invest.

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Changes in gonadotropins and gonadal steroids during sexual maturation in rats and humans are well documented but little is known about hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) gene expression in relation to these events. This study measured hypothalamic proGnRH mRNA, GnRH precursor, and fully processed GnRH from postnatal day 8 until day 62 in male rats. GnRH precursor increased on day 22, reached a peak on day 24, declined on day 25 and returned to infantile levels by day 28. A secondary rise in precursor occurred at about day 40 when testosterone levels increased. GnRH mRNA increased on day 22 and remained elevated over the study period to day 26. GnRH increased on day 24 and remained at this level until a secondary rise occurred coincident with the testosterone rise at about day 40. The ratio of GnRH precursor to GnRH was high until day 24 and was low from day 26 onwards, reflecting a maturation of the processing enzyme system between these 2 d. Thus, an abrupt increase in GnRH gene transcription (mRNA) occurs early in juvenile male rats (day 22), well before the onset of puberty. An increase in GnRH precursor accompanies these early changes and this is followed by the maturation of processing as evidenced by the rapid decline of precursor and increase in GnRH from day 24 onward. (J. Clin. Invest. 1992.90:2496-2501

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prepubertal increases in gonadotropin-releasing hormone mRNA, gonadotropin-releasing hormone precursor, and subsequent maturation of precursor processing in male rats.

Dutlow¹,

Rachman²,

Jacobs³

et al. 1992

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…To determine the changes in hypothalamic gene expression that occur during the INF–JUV period of sexual development, rats were euthanized at PND14, PND21 and PND28. According to criteria previously established 40 41 , PND21 animals are considered to be in the EJ phase of prepubertal development. At this time, the vagina is not yet patent and the uterine weight is 60 mg or less, with no accumulation of intrauterine fluid.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epigenetic regulation of puberty via Zinc finger protein-mediated transcriptional repression

et al. 2015

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In primates, puberty is unleashed by increased GnRH release from the hypothalamus following an interval of juvenile quiescence. GWAS implicates Zinc finger (ZNF) genes in timing human puberty. Here we show that hypothalamic expression of several ZNFs decreased in agonadal male monkeys in association with the pubertal reactivation of gonadotropin secretion. Expression of two of these ZNFs, GATAD1 and ZNF573, also decreases in peripubertal female monkeys. However, only GATAD1 abundance increases when gonadotropin secretion is suppressed during late infancy. Targeted delivery of GATAD1 or ZNF573 to the rat hypothalamus delays puberty by impairing the transition of a transcriptional network from an immature repressive epigenetic configuration to one of activation. GATAD1 represses transcription of two key puberty-related genes, KISS1 and TAC3, directly, and reduces the activating histone mark H3K4me2 at each promoter via recruitment of histone demethylase KDM1A. We conclude that GATAD1 epitomizes a subset of ZNFs involved in epigenetic repression of primate puberty.

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“…The rats were divided into six groups: 4-week-old males and females (juvenile), 6-week-old males and females in diestrus (pubertal), and 9- to 12-week-old males and females from diestrus 1 to diestrus 2 (adult). Developmental stages have been defined in previous reports5152. Two to three rats from each group were housed in plastic cages (length 31 cm, width 47 cm, height 20 cm) at a constant temperature of 23 ± 1°C with a consistent light/dark cycle (lights on: 0500–1900 h).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental trajectory of contextual learning and 24-h acetylcholine release in the hippocampus

Takase

Sakimoto

Kimura

et al. 2014

Sci Rep

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To determine the developmental trajectory of hippocampal function in rats, we examined 24-h changes in extracellular acetylcholine (ACh) levels and contextual learning performance. Extracellular ACh significantly correlated with spontaneous behavior, exhibiting a 24-h rhythm in juvenile (4-week-old), pubertal (6-week-old), and adult (9- to 12-week-old) rats. Although juveniles of both sexes exhibited low ACh levels, adult males had higher ACh levels than adult females. Moreover, juveniles exhibited much more spontaneous activity than adults when they showed equivalent ACh levels. Similarly, juveniles of both sexes exhibited relatively low contextual learning performance. Because contextual learning performance was significantly increased only in males, adult males exhibited better performance than adult females. We also observed a developmental relationship between contextual learning and ACh levels. Scopolamine pretreatment blocked contextual learning and interrupted the correlation. Since long-term scopolamine treatment after weaning impaired contextual learning in juveniles, the cholinergic input may participate in the development of hippocampus.

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Physiological and Biochemical Dissection of Mechanisms Underlying Puberty

Cited by 4 publications

References 53 publications

Prepubertal increases in gonadotropin-releasing hormone mRNA, gonadotropin-releasing hormone precursor, and subsequent maturation of precursor processing in male rats.

Prepubertal increases in gonadotropin-releasing hormone mRNA, gonadotropin-releasing hormone precursor, and subsequent maturation of precursor processing in male rats.

Epigenetic regulation of puberty via Zinc finger protein-mediated transcriptional repression

Developmental trajectory of contextual learning and 24-h acetylcholine release in the hippocampus

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