Physiological and Biochemical Changes During Insect Development

Agrell, Ivar; Lundquist, Anders

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-591601-1.50011-9

Cited by 63 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 387 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Metamorphosis involves rebuilding of larval structures into adult body, and this process completely depends on oxidizing energy stores accumulated during the larval period (Agrell and Lundquist 1973). A general role of AKH in this process has been predicted based on, e.g., experimental evidence that AKH injections cause differential glycogen or lipid mobilization in a developmental stage-specific manner in Manduca sexta (Gäde and Beenakkers 1977) or Zophobas atratus (Slocinska et al 2013;Gołębiowski et al 2014).…”

Section: Developmental Roles Of Akh Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Homeostasis Control in Drosophila Adipokinetic Hormone Mutants

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Maintenance of biological functions under negative energy balance depends on mobilization of storage lipids and carbohydrates in animals. In mammals, glucagon and glucocorticoid signaling mobilizes energy reserves, whereas adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) play a homologous role in insects. Numerous studies based on AKH injections and correlative studies in a broad range of insect species established the view that AKH acts as master regulator of energy mobilization during development, reproduction, and stress. In contrast to AKH, the second peptide, which is processed from the Akh encoded prohormone [termed "adipokinetic hormone precursor-related peptide" (APRP)] is functionally orphan. APRP is discussed as ecdysiotropic hormone or as scaffold peptide during AKH prohormone processing. However, as in the case of AKH, final evidence for APRP functions requires genetic mutant analysis. Here we employed CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome engineering to create AKH and AKH plus APRP-specific mutants in the model insect Drosophila melanogaster. Lack of APRP did not affect any of the tested steroid-dependent processes. Similarly, Drosophila AKH signaling is dispensable for ontogenesis, locomotion, oogenesis, and homeostasis of lipid or carbohydrate storage until up to the end of metamorphosis. During adulthood, however, AKH regulates body fat content and the hemolymph sugar level as well as nutritional and oxidative stress responses. Finally, we provide evidence for a negative autoregulatory loop in Akh gene regulation.KEYWORDS Drosophila; adipokinetic hormone; adipokinetic hormone precursor-related peptide; energy homeostasis; stress resistance E NERGY homeostasis requires continuous compensation for fluctuations in the energy expenditure and availability of food resources. Organisms thus build up reserves under positive energy balance and catabolize them when the balance turns negative to retain stable levels of circulating energy fuel. Insulin signaling induces the uptake of excessive circulating sugars, thus promoting reserve accumulation (reviewed, e.g., in Saltiel and Kahn 2001; Cohen 2006), whereas energy mobilization is under the control of glucagon and glucocorticoid signaling in mammals (reviewed, e.g., in Rui 2014;Charron and Vuguin 2015) and adipokinetic hormone (AKH) signaling in insects (reviewed, e.g., in Van der Horst 2003;Lorenz and Gäde 2009;Bednářová et al. 2013a). Consistent with their fundamental physiological function in energy mobilization, AKHs are found not only in insects, but are common in Protostomia, where they have been identified both in Ecdyszoa (in Arthropoda, Tardigrada, and Priapulida) and Lophotrochozoa (in Mollusca, Rotifera, and Annelida) (Gäde 2009;Hauser and Grimmelikhuijzen 2014). Nevertheless, physiological functions of AKHs have been studied mainly in Arthropoda. Similar to mammals, also insects store lipids in the form of triacylglycerides (TGs) and as carbohydrates in the form of glycogen. The main storage organ for lipid and glycogen in insects is the fat body, which can thus b...

show abstract

Section: Developmental Roles Of Akh Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Homeostasis Control in Drosophila Adipokinetic Hormone Mutants

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Similarly, Schin and Clever (1965) have shown that acid phosphatase seems to be released from ruptured lysosomes in cells during the larval-pupal molt. The fact that histolyzing larvae have a high titer of DNAase activity supports Agrell's (1964) suggestion that the larval DNA is reutilized in the formation of adult tissues. The relatively low titers of DNAase activity in the two-day-old pupae may suggest that at this time histogenesis of imaginai tissues is going on and histolysis of tissue has been completed.…”

Section: Literature Reviewsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…However, Agrell (1964) believed that the technique (which he used himself at one time) used by Russo-Caia (1960) was not reliable. During their investigations they employed the technique of Ogur and Rosen (1950) which is b?5en nn fnê ulff^rênt âciu lability of the two nucleic acids.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The amount of RNA.P and DNA.P in the blow fly as determined by Agrell (1964) was 20-30 mg per pupa. Assuming that the pupa weighs about 40 mg (Price, 1965), this represents a concentration of 0.60 yg per pupa of RNA.P or DNA.P per mg of pupa.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of DNA as an index of cell number, however, is complicated in cyclorrhaphan Diptera (higher Diptera) where larval growth in most tissues is believed to be restricted to an increase in cell size and not to an increase in cell number (Ring 1973;Agrell 1964). Agrell (1964) maintains that growth in cell size in many species of cyclorrhaphan Diptera is not restricted to the cytoplasm, but also involves growth of the nucleus by polyploidy, which brings about polytenization.…”

Section: Musca Domestica Grown and Maintained At 20°cmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The influence of temperature and thermal history on total RNA, DNA and protein levels of the house fly Musca domestica

Rogers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

INFORMATION TO USERSThis material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted.The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction.

show abstract

Properties of larval and imaginal membrane‐bound digestive enzymes from Trichosia pubescens

Espinoza-Fuentes

Terra

1986

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Trichosia pubescens larval midgut ceca cells display in their plasma membranes a-glucosidases (M, 95,000; pH, 5.5; K , 5.7 mM; Ki for TRlS 8.9 mM), trehalases (M, 69,000; pH, 5.3; K, 0.92 mM; Ki for TRlS 57 mM), and aminopeptidases (M, 95,000; pH, 8.7; K, 0.19 mM) which are solubilized by Triton X-100. The enzymes were purified by electrophoresis and used to raise antibodies in a rabbit. T. pubescens imaginal midgut cells display in their plasma membranes an a-glucosidase (M, 156,000; pH, 5.8; K , 2.3 mM; Ki for TRlS 0.2 mM), a trehalase (M, 93,000; pH, 5.5; K, 0.72 mM; Ki for TRlS 45.5 mM), and an aminopeptidase (M, 210,000; pH, 9.0; K , 0.47 mM). Antiserum produced against the larval enzymes shows no precipitation arc when tested by double imrnunodiffusion or by imrnunoelectrophoresis with Triton X-100-solubilized membrane proteins from imaginal midguts. Otherwise, a similar test showed that larval midgut cecal enzymes and larval ventriculus enzymes display complete immunological identity. The data suggest that, despite the fact the larval and imaginal arninopeptidase, a-glucosidase, and trehalase probably have similar functions, the genes coding for them in larvae and imagoes must differ.

show abstract

Physiological and Biochemical Changes During Insect Development

Cited by 63 publications

References 387 publications

Energy Homeostasis Control in Drosophila Adipokinetic Hormone Mutants

Energy Homeostasis Control in Drosophila Adipokinetic Hormone Mutants

The influence of temperature and thermal history on total RNA, DNA and protein levels of the house fly Musca domestica

Properties of larval and imaginal membrane‐bound digestive enzymes from Trichosia pubescens

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About