Physiological and biochemical basis of behaviour.

Perry, R. N.; Maule, A. G.

doi:10.1079/9780851998183.0197

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Wong and Mai [70] reported that differences in root weight may be explained by gall development, gall mass being heavier than an equivalent linear length of similar non-galled roots. Perry et al [71] reported similar results that root weight increased in untreated infected plants compared with those amended with herbal powder due to the formation of galls and giant cells.…”

Section: Fresh Root Weightsupporting

confidence: 67%

Evaluation of Some Botanicals and Trichoderma harzianum for the Management of Tomato Root-knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chit Wood)

Feyisa¹,

Lencho²,

Selvaraj³

et al. 2015

Adv Crop Sci Tech

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Root-knot nematode disease caused by Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chit wood) is one of the major constraints for successful cultivation of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in Ethiopia. Hence, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of leaf and seed extracts of four botanicals viz., Rape seed (Brassica napus L.), Lantana (Lantana camara L.), African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) and Neem (Azadirachta indica L.) at 5% and 10% concentrations and T. harzianum at 5% plus control were tested on root-knot nematode under in vitro and also to evaluate their against root-knot nematode development and their role on plant growth parameters of tomato under in vivo condition. Plant extracts were more effective and significantly inhibited egg hatching and immobilizing the J 2 larval mortality of M. incognita than T. harzianum. Aqueous extract of all the tested plants inhibited egg hatching of nematode and resulted 84.67-100% mortality of the J 2 juveniles of M. incognita in vitro at the 10% concentration after 72 h of exposure time. There were no significant differences among the treatments of rape seed leaf (84.7%) at 10% concentration and Lantana camara (87%), African marigold (86.3%) and Neem leaf (85%) at 5% concentration after 72 h. Aqueous seed extracts of A. indica more significantly inhibited egg hatching and larva mortality of the J 2 of M. incognita in vitro at the 10% concentration and immobilized by 89, 93 and 100% after 24, 48 and 72 h of exposures, respectively, while at similar concentration of T. erecta, B. napus and L. camara leaf extracts exhibited 92, 89 and 93.2% inhibition of egg hatching and 75, 62.1 and 73% larval mortality, respectively. The effect of different botanicals and T. harzianum singly and in combination were studied for the management of tomato root-knot nematode under greenhouse condition. There was a significant difference in the reduction of root-knot nematode incidence, root-knot nematode population, nematode reproduction rate (NRR), number of galls and egg masses per plant were recorded. In pot culture condition, the application of leaf extract of individual plant in the presence of the nematode significantly enhanced the growth of tomato seedlings in comparison to the control. A significant increase in plant height, shoot weight and root weight of the seedlings were observed at the 10% concentration of leaf extracts in comparison to control. There was a significant difference in the reduction of root-knot nematode population, nematode reduction rate, number of galls and egg masses per plant of L. camara combined with T. harzianum. The mean fruit weight and total yield were observed highest in the combination treatment of L. camara combined with T. harzianum. This study results revealed that the test plants are readily available to farmers at no cost and able to reduce nematode population below economic threshold.

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Section: Fresh Root Weightsupporting

confidence: 67%

Evaluation of Some Botanicals and Trichoderma harzianum for the Management of Tomato Root-knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chit Wood)

Feyisa¹,

Lencho²,

Selvaraj³

et al. 2015

Adv Crop Sci Tech

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“…The neuromuscular system of D. immitis shows great potential as a drug target; nematodes have well-developed neuromuscular systems that control motility, navigation, feeding, mating and responses to environmental cues, which are essential for their survival, development and reproduction (White et al., 1986, Perry et al., 2004, Greenberg, 2014). Interference with any of these activities can paralyse, kill or stop reproduction in the parasite (Greenberg, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorphism in ion channel genes of Dirofilaria immitis : Relevant knowledge for future anthelmintic drug design

Mani

Bourguinat

Keller

et al. 2016

International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistan

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Dirofilaria immitis, a filarial parasite, causes cardiopulmonary dirofilariasis in dogs, cats and wild canids. The macrocyclic lactone (ML) class of drugs has been used to prevent heartworm infection. There is confirmed ML resistance in D. immitis and thus there is an urgent need to find new anthelmintics that could prevent and/or control the disease. Targeting ion channels of D. immitis for drug design has obvious advantages. These channels, present in the nematode nervous system, control movement, feeding, mating and respond to environmental cues which are necessary for survival of the parasite. Any new drug that targets these ion channels is likely to have a motility phenotype and should act to clear the worms from the host. Many of the successful anthelmintics in the past have targeted these ion channels and receptors. Knowledge about genetic variability of the ion channel and receptor genes should be useful information for drug design as receptor polymorphism may affect responses to a drug. Such information may also be useful for anticipation of possible resistance development. A total of 224 ion channel genes/subunits have been identified in the genome of D. immitis. Whole genome sequencing data of parasites from eight different geographical locations, four from ML-susceptible populations and the other four from ML-loss of efficacy (LOE) populations, were used for polymorphism analysis. We identified 1762 single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) sites (1508 intronic and 126 exonic) in these 224 ion channel genes/subunits with an overall polymorphic rate of 0.18%. Of the SNPs found in the exon regions, 129 of them caused a non-synonymous type of polymorphism. Fourteen of the exonic SNPs caused a change in predicted secondary structure. A few of the SNPs identified may have an effect on gene expression, function of the protein and resistance selection processes.

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“…This potent nematicidal action observed in the hydroalcoholic extract could be due to the known potent nematicidal compounds present in it. Important metabolites are formic acid, toxic on nematodes exposed [ 24 ], and γ-aminobutyric acid, which can cause paralysis of nematode muscles [ 25 ]. Trigonelline, also identified in the extract, plays an important role in plant resistance to pathogen attack.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nematicidal activity of Annona crassiflora leaf extract on Caenorhabditis elegans

et al. 2015

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BackgroundThe aim of this work was to investigate the potential nematicidal activity of Annona crassiflora leaf extract against Caenorhabditis elegans.MethodsThe hydroalcoholic leaf extract and its fractions (dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water) were submitted to mobility assay against the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans. GC-MS and NMR analysis were performed in order to identify metabolites.ResultsThe dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions showed to be the most active among the hydroalcoholic leaf extracts and its four fractions. The percentages of C. elegans larvae immobility were 98.13 and 89.66%, respectively, at a concentration of 1000 μg.mL−1. Besides some amino acids, palmitic acid methyl ester, 2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanol, oleic acid methyl esther, stearic acid methyl ester, quercetin and kaempferol were also identified in these fractions.ConclusionThe results indicated that of A. crassiflora leaf ethanolic extract has a good potential as a source for natural nematicide.

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Physiological and biochemical basis of behaviour.

Abstract: This paper discusses the physiological and biochemical (including some molecular) aspects of the behavioural responses of free living and plant parasitic nematodes.

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluation of Some Botanicals and Trichoderma harzianum for the Management of Tomato Root-knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chit Wood)

Evaluation of Some Botanicals and Trichoderma harzianum for the Management of Tomato Root-knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chit Wood)

Polymorphism in ion channel genes of Dirofilaria immitis : Relevant knowledge for future anthelmintic drug design

Nematicidal activity of Annona crassiflora leaf extract on Caenorhabditis elegans

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