Physiological and behavioural response of two dairy cows&amp;#8217; genotypes during summertime in the central region of Chile

Árias, R.; Herrera, Camila; Larraín, Rafael; González, Francisco Sánchez-Montes; Mader, Terry L.; Velásquez, Alejandro

doi:10.4067/s0719-81322018000100103

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…According to model 1 (table 4), without the influence of any climatic variable on dairy cows, their tympanic temperature is around 36.7 ℃ (intercept) which is close to the 37.5 °C value reported in Holstein and Holstein × Montbeliarde cows managed under normal conditions and without environmental stressors (Arias et al 2018). However, the 0.8 °C bias suggests somehow that the model did not fit well at the origin.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 58%

Influence of climatic conditions on tympanic temperature and milk production in grazing cows

Vélez-Terranova

Molina

Sánchez

et al. 2021

JABB

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Vasconcelos et al 2020). Animal's body temperature is traditionally estimated through rectal and vaginal measurements; however, alternative methods like tympanic temperatures (TT) also constitute a reliable measure since some studies reported no statistical difference with rectal temperatures (Sellier et al 2014;Shu et al 2021) and high correlation with vaginal temperature (r = 0.77; Bergen and Kennedy, 2000). The differences associated with the anatomical sampling point and its response time were also validated in other studies (Scharf et al 2011;Sellier et al 2014;Godyń et al 2019). TT is an attractive alternative measure Abstract The present study aimed to analyze large volumes of tympanic temperature (TT) data to identify its use as a physiological indicator of climatic conditions and its relationship with milk production in grazing cows under tropical lowland conditions. Three dairy farms and 21 multiparous early lactation cows were included in the study. Seven animals were equipped with tympanic temperature wireless sensors within each farm, and permanent information was collected hourly for 22 days on average. Ambient temperature (AT), relative humidity (RH), wind speed (WS), precipitation (PP), and THI information were obtained from meteorological stations located close to each farm. Statistical analyses included Spearman correlations and random coefficient regression models (P < 0.05). TT presented moderate and significant correlations with AT (0.35 to 0.49), SR (0.25 to 0.32), THI (0.35 to 0.49), and RH (-0.35 to -0.49). Climatic variables like AT, PP, SR, and WS were the most contributing factors to TT prediction (R 2 =0.42 to 0.86). Grazing dairy cows in tropical scenarios accumulate heat during the day and dissipate it at nighttime, although higher producing animals deal with more problems to reach thermal homeostasis. Correlations between TT and daily milk production varied according to animal yield; however, higher TT values were related to the most productive cows. The effect of TT on milk production prediction was not conclusive among farms, possibly by animal management or others characteristics of the systems. TT determination through remote sensors allows a reliable diagnosis of the physiological temperature response to climatic conditions.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 58%

Influence of climatic conditions on tympanic temperature and milk production in grazing cows

Vélez-Terranova

Molina

Sánchez

et al. 2021

JABB

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“…Collier et al (2017), mention that the increase of three and TR are important signs of EC in dairy cattle. Arias et al (2018) indicate that when the TA exceeds 27 °C, the Three increases above 56 rpm. This situation was similar for the cows of the Ver group, with respect to those same variables.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Productivity of Holstein dairy cows without shade at two seasons of the year

et al. 2018

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In order to evaluate the effect of season on the productivity of Holstein dairy cows in a commercial herd, 10 cows were assigned to one of two treatments, cows in winter (Inv) and cows in summer (Ver). The study lasted 70 days (d) divided into two periods of five weeks, respectively. The data were collected three times per week. The animals were under the same diet in both seasons, from an integral ration based on concentrate, alfalfa hay, and corn silage. The maximum temperature-humidity index was 70 and 75 units during the winter and summer, respectively. The cows in winter had lower (P<0.05) milk production, respiratory rate and rectal temperature than summer cows. The temperatures on the right flank and buttock area in winter cows were lower (P<0.05), with respect to summer cows. Drinking water, floor, and environment temperatures through the black bulb were consistently lower (P<0.05) during the winter season with respect to summer. Summer cows showed mild heat stress and increased 24 % plus milk yield than winter cows, but did not improve milk quality. The use of shades during the summer can improve the physiological status milk quality in lactating dairy cows.Dairy cows, without shade, mild heat stress, productivity. RESUMEN Con el propósito de evaluar el efecto de época sobre la productividad de vacas lecheras Holstein, 10 vacas fueron asignadas a uno de dos tratamientos, vacas en invierno (Inv) y vacas en verano (Ver). El estudio tuvo una duración de 70 días (d) divididos en dos periodos de cinco semanas, respectivamente. Los datos fueron colectados tres veces por semana. Los animales fueron alimentados bajo el mismo régimen alimenticio en ambas épocas, a partir de una ración integral a base de concentrado, heno de alfalfa y silo de maíz. El índice de temperatura-humedad máximo fue de 70 y 75 unidades durante el invierno y verano, respectivamente. Las vacas Inv tuvieron menor producción de leche (P<0.05), tasa respiratoria y temperatura rectal que vacas Ver. Las temperaturas de costado derecho y nalga en vacas Inv fueron menores (P<0.05), respecto a vacas Ver (P<0.05). Las temperaturas de agua de bebida, piso y ambiental a través del bulbo negro fueron consistentemente menores (P<0.05) durante la época de invierno con respecto al verano. Las vacas Ver presentaron estrés calórico ligero e incrementaron 24% más la producción de leche respecto a vacas Inv, pero no mejoraron la calidad en leche. El uso de sombras durante el verano, puede mejorar el estado fisiológico y calidad de la leche en vacas lecheras en lactación.Vacas lecheras, sin sombra, estrés calórico leve, productividad.

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“…The maximum value for CCI was 37.9°C on January 22nd. However, in this region ambient temperature can reach more than 30°C during the daytime, but nights are cool, with ambient temperature falling more than 20 degrees (Arias et al ., 2018). Thus, cows on this experiment had a chance during night-time to lose heat accumulated during the day.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Values of CCI above this threshold were classified as heat stress. This value was defined based on previous research conducted in the same region (Jara et al ., 2016; Arias et al ., 2018) since behavioural and physiological changes on cattle were reported from this value.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Use of the Comprehensive Climate Index to estimate heat stress response of grazing dairy cows in a temperate climate region

Árias

Delgado

Keim

et al. 2021

Journal of Dairy Research

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The aim of the study was to assess the effect of the summer thermal environment on physiological responses, behaviour, milk production and its composition on grazing dairy cows in a temperate climate region, according to the stage of lactation. Twenty-nine Holstein Friesian multiparous cows were randomly selected and divided into two groups, according to the days in milk, as mid-lactation (99 to 170 d in milk, n = 15) and late lactation (225 to 311 d in milk, n = 14). The comprehensive climate index (CCI) was used to classify the hour of each day as thermoneutral or heat stress, considering a threshold value of CCI of 20°C. Data were collected for 16 d (summer 2017) and analysed as a completely randomized 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with repeated measurements over time. Vaginal temperature increased with CCI ≥ 20°C. Respiration rates were dependent on the thermal condition, regardless of days in milk. There was an interaction between the time of day and the CCI category for activity and rumination. Grazing activity decreased by 17.6% but lying down, standing, and shaded animals increased by 1.6, 9.8, and 6.3% respectively when CCI ≥ 20°C. Over 80% of cows presented a panting score ≥1. However, milk production and composition (fat, protein, and lactose concentrations as well as somatic cell count) were not affected by the thermal condition, although there was a numerical (non-significant) decrease in afternoon milk protein concentration on days with CCI ≥ 20°C, while urea in milk increased. In conclusion, thermal condition challenged grazing dairy cows' behaviour and physiology independent of the stage of lactation but had little or no effect on milk production.

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Physiological and behavioural response of two dairy cows’ genotypes during summertime in the central region of Chile

Cited by 9 publications

References 28 publications

Influence of climatic conditions on tympanic temperature and milk production in grazing cows

Influence of climatic conditions on tympanic temperature and milk production in grazing cows

Productivity of Holstein dairy cows without shade at two seasons of the year

Use of the Comprehensive Climate Index to estimate heat stress response of grazing dairy cows in a temperate climate region

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