Physiological alterations associated with intrauterine growth restriction in fetal pigs: Causes and insights for nutritional optimization

Wang, Junjun; Feng, Cuiping; Liu, Ting; Shi, Meng; Wu, Guoyao; Bazer, Fuller W.

doi:10.1002/mrd.22842

Cited by 71 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Newborn BW was recorded immediately at birth. Piglets with a BW of ,1.1 kg were defined as LBW (30). One LBW male piglet (;1.35 kg) and 1 NBW male piglet (;0.81 kg) were obtained from each litter.…”

Section: Animals and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Original low birth weight deteriorates the hindgut epithelial barrier function in pigs at the growing stage

Tao

Bai

et al. 2019

FASEB j.

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The deteriorative effect of low birth weight (LBW) on the mucosal permeability of the small intestine in piglets has been widely confirmed. However, whether the hindgut epithelial barrier function in LBW pigs is deteriorated during the growing stage is still unclear. Our study investigated differences in the hindgut epithelial barrier function between LBW and normal birth weight pigs during the growing stage (d 90). Our data demonstrated that the hindgut epithelium of LBW pigs has a high histopathological score, accompanied by decreased antioxidant capacity and increased apoptosis rate, as well as elevated expression and activity of caspase‐3. In addition, the number of intestinal goblet cells and gene expression of mucin 2 were significantly down‐regulated in LBW pigs. The expression of tight junction proteins (ZO‐1 and occludin) was markedly inhibited by the LBW. The mRNA abundance of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐8 was significantly increased in the hindgut mucosa of LBW pigs. Furthermore, our data revealed that LBW altered the intestinal microbial community in the hindgut mucosa of pigs. Collectively, these finding add to our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for hindgut epithelial barrier dysfunction in LBW pigs during the growing stage and facilitate the development of nutritional intervention strategies.—Tao, S., Bai, Y., Li, T., Li, N., Wang, J. Original low birth weight deteriorates the hindgut epithelial barrier function in pigs at the growing stage. FASEB J. 33, 9897–9912 (2019). http://www.fasebj.org

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Section: Animals and Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Original low birth weight deteriorates the hindgut epithelial barrier function in pigs at the growing stage

Tao

Bai

et al. 2019

FASEB j.

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“…Investigating the biological processes of fetal maturation and fetal growth retardation is of major interest in humans and also in several mammalian livestock species, like sheep [24] and pig [50,57]. These characteristics are related to fetal development during late gestation, which is difficult to explore in mammalian species due to the invasiveness of experiments performed during that period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The maturity in fetal pigs using a multi-fluid metabolomic approach

Lefort

Servien

Quesnel

et al. 2020

Preprint

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In mammalian species, the first days after birth are an important period for survival and the rates of mortality before weaning are high. In pigs, the perinatal deaths average 20% of the litter, with important economic and societal consequences. Among the factors influencing piglet survival at birth, the maturity is likely to be one of the most important. Maturity can be defined as the outcome of complex mechanisms of intra-uterine development and maturation occurring during the last month of gestation. Here, we provide new insights on maturity by studying the end of gestation at two different stages (three weeks before term and close to term) in two breeds of pigs that strongly differ in terms of neonatal survival. Since metabolomics is a promising approach for phenotype characterization or biomarker discovery, we provide a complete understanding of the metabolome of the fetuses in late gestation in three fluids (plasma, urine, and amniotic fluid). We found that biological processes related to amino acid and carbohydrate metabolisms are critical for piglet maturity. We also confirmed some previously described metabolites associated with delayed growth (e.g., proline and myo-inositol). Altogether, our study proposes new routes for a better characterization of piglet maturity at birth.

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“…Given this observation, one plausible explanation for the limited differences in fetal and placental weights between MS and WC pregnancies may be reduced sensitivity to intrauterine crowding on fetal and placental growth within MS pregnancies; thereby, resulting in limited reductions in fetal and placental weights in MS pregnancies as compared to WC pregnancies in response to intrauterine crowding following UHO. Intrauterine crowding highly in uences fetal growth and subsequent within-litter birth weight variation [40][41][42]. However, previous reports indicate that MS conceptuses elongate to a lesser extent during early pregnancy, reducing negative interactions between adjacent conceptuses [17,43].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breed differences in placental development during late gestation between Chinese Meishan and White crossbred gilts in response to intrauterine crowding

Miles

Vallet

2020

Preprint

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Background: The porcine placenta plays a critical role on uterine capacity, fetal growth, and survival as well as postnatal piglet growth and survival. The objective of this study was to evaluate placental development during late gestation between Chinese Meishan (MS) and White crossbred (WC) gilts following intrauterine crowding. To induce uterine crowding, MS (n = 7) and WC (n = 5) gilts were unilaterally hysterectomized-ovariectomized, bred to sires from their same breed, and the remaining uterine tract was collected at day 100 of gestation. Gross placental morphology and areolae density as well as histological morphology (i.e., folded bilayer and placental stroma) were analyzed using computer-assisted morphometry from placentas of the smallest and largest fetuses within each litter. All data were analyzed using MIXED model procedures for ANOVA. Results: Fetal and placental weight were not different (P > 0.10) between MS and WC pregnancies. In contrast, within-litter fetal weight variation and allometric growth relationship between fetal and placental weights were decreased (P < 0.08) in MS gilts compared to WC gilts indicating greater fetal sparing within MS gilts. There was a breed by fetal size interaction (P < 0.01) for areolae density in which placentas from large MS fetuses had greater areolae density compared to small MS fetuses, but the density of areolae was greater from MS fetuses compared to WC fetuses, irrespective of fetal size. The width of the folded bilayer was greater (P < 0.01) in placentas from WC gilts compared to MS gilts, irrespective of fetal size. Placentas from small fetuses had greater (P < 0.01) folded bilayer width compared to large fetuses, irrespective of breed. The placental stromal width was greater (P < 0.01) in placentas from large fetuses compared to small, irrespective of breed. However, the difference between stromal width in placentas between divergent-sized littermates was greater (P = 0.05) in WC gilts compared to MS gilts, suggesting limited response to intrauterine crowding in MS gilts. Conclusions: These results demonstrate altered placental development during late gestation in MS pregnancies compared to WC pregnancies corresponding to different mechanisms for responding to intrauterine crowding between breeds.

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Physiological alterations associated with intrauterine growth restriction in fetal pigs: Causes and insights for nutritional optimization

Cited by 71 publications

References 88 publications

Original low birth weight deteriorates the hindgut epithelial barrier function in pigs at the growing stage

Original low birth weight deteriorates the hindgut epithelial barrier function in pigs at the growing stage

The maturity in fetal pigs using a multi-fluid metabolomic approach

Breed differences in placental development during late gestation between Chinese Meishan and White crossbred gilts in response to intrauterine crowding

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