Physiological Age Composition and Reproductive Biology of Horn Fly Populations, Haematobia Irritans Irritans (Diptera: Muscidae), in Iowa, USA

Krafsur, E. S.; Ernst, Crystal M.

doi:10.1093/jmedent/20.6.664

Cited by 14 publications

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“…BIONOMICS OF HORN FLIES, Haematobia irritans irritans (L.), have been studied intensively in North America, but their demography is not well understood. An approximate schedule of feeding and oviposition can be inferred from the literature, and age grading of female reproductive systems affords estimates of reproductive success (Krafsur & Ernst 1983,1986Kuramochi & Nishijima 1984;Fay & Doube 1987). Also, age-grading methods have been applied to studies of dispersion (Guillot et al 1988).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Only three reproductive age groups could be identified with confidence in Iowa horn flies (Krafsur & Ernst 1983), the previtellogenic (days 0, 1), vitellogenic (2 d and older), and parous (at least 3.5 d). The greatest error in determining parity was for gravid flies.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, distinguishing multiparous from uniparous flies could not be done with confidence. An average mortality rate of 0.14 day" 1 was estimated for Iowa horn flies on the chief assumptions that sampling was representative of all age groups, there were no delays in ovarian development and oviposition, and survival was independent of age (Krafsur & Ernst 1983).…”

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Age Structure of Horn Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Populations Estimated by Pterin Concentrations

Krafsur¹,

Rosales²,

Robison-Cox³

et al. 1992

Journal of Medical Entomology

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Pterins accumulate in the head capsules of horn flies, Haematobia irritans irritans (L.), as a linear function of time and temperature. Pterin concentrations were used to estimate chronological ages and to establish correlations between chronological age and ovarian development and reproductive success in 12 horn fly populations in 1988 and 1989. Male ages were estimated spectrofluorometrically. There were statistically significant differences between years in population age structure measured by pterins. Survival rates estimated from pterin concentration distributions were consistent with a one-parameter exponential model with constant survival rate. Mean daily survival rates were 0.81 for females and 0.84 for males in 1988 and 0.66 and 0.75 in 1989. Mean lifetime egg production was approximately 26 eggs per female in 1988 and 8 in 1989. Female reproductive success was close to the maximum possible, i.e., there were no net delays in oviposition. Analysis of gonotrophic age distributions provided survival estimates that suggested an increasing risk of mortality with age or age-related biases in sampling.

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Age Structure of Horn Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Populations Estimated by Pterin Concentrations

Krafsur¹,

Rosales²,

Robison-Cox³

et al. 1992

Journal of Medical Entomology

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“…Horn flies were more prevalent in pats and higher numbers tended to emerge per fly‐positive cow pat core than face flies, although the literature suggests that face flies are larger, slightly more fecund, live longer and develop more or less at the same larval developmental rates as horn flies (Larsen & Thomsen, ; Depner, ; Wang, ; Krafsur & Ernst, ; Lysyk, ; Krafsur & Moon, ). Horn flies colonized up to 75% of pats (Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

Dividing the pie: differential dung pat size utilization by sympatric Haematobia irritans and Musca autumnalis

Fowler

Mullens

2016

Medical Vet Entomology

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Horn flies [Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae) (L.)] and face flies [Musca autumnalis (Diptera: Muscidae) De Geer] use the same larval resource, but their interactions are poorly studied. Dung pats (n = 350) were core sampled in the summers of 2012 and 2013 from irrigated pastures in Pomona, California, U.S.A. (34°03'N, 117°48'W) and held for face fly and horn fly emergence. Surface areas and estimated weights were recorded for each whole pat. Almost half (42.0%) of the pat cores yielded neither fly, 29.7% yielded horn flies only, 12.9% yielded face flies only and 15.4% yielded both flies. Of the fly-positive pats, surface area and mass were larger for face fly-occupied pats, whereas horn fly-occupied pats were smaller. Pats shared by the two species were intermediate. Horn flies per positive core were unaffected by the absence/presence of face flies, but half as many face flies emerged when pats were co-inhabited by horn flies. Face flies inhabited larger pats, which might better resist heating and drying, to which they are susceptible; horn flies inhabited a broad pat size range. Horn fly tolerance of lower dung moisture probably allows horn flies to colonize and survive in a wide range of pats in dry areas like southern California.

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“…Gravid females ready for laying would have 2nd set of follicles already well advanced in vitellogenesis. In other words once initiated, vitellogenesis in these cases is a continuum until the life-time egg production potential is reached (Krafsur and Ernst 1983;R S Prasad, unpublished observations). Mosquitoes which require only one blood meal to lay a full complement of eggs of one batch (a full batch of eggs is one egg/ovariole and the number is limited by the number of ovarioles) ingest blood 1 to IJ times their own body weight and lay eggs numbering 100-150.…”

Section: Blood Meal and Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition and reproduction in haematophagous arthropods

Prasad

1987

Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Anim. Sci.)

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Hosts of haematophagous arthropods range from amphibians to mammals. Blood meal is essential for egg production. Quantity and quality of ingested blood are important in realization of optimum reproductive potentials. In terms of egg production, the lowest nutritive value is for human blood. This inequality is probably based on differences in proteins and their constituent amino acids. Carbohydrates in the diet have no direct contribution to reproduction. Very little is known about sterol. lipid, vitamin and salt requirements for reproduction. In the mosquito Aedes aegypti some substance from the blood meal is thought to initiate vitellogenesis and is sustained by a complex hormonal mechanism in which median neurosecretory cells, corpus allatum, fat body and ovary participate. Mechanical stimuli from gut distension also has a role in hormone induction.Autogenous egg production seen in many dipterans is controlled both by the nutrition of the immature stages and genetic mechanisms.Quantity and the rate of utilization of the ingested blood decide the frequency of host visitation and feeding. Vertebrate blood sera contain substances which stimulate (secretogogue) as well as inhibit digestion. Nutrition plays some role in male maturation in insects, though not in spermatogenesis. In many ticks even spermatogenesis is influenced by adult blood meal.

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Physiological Age Composition and Reproductive Biology of Horn Fly Populations, Haematobia Irritans Irritans (Diptera: Muscidae), in Iowa, USA

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Age Structure of Horn Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Populations Estimated by Pterin Concentrations

Age Structure of Horn Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Populations Estimated by Pterin Concentrations

Dividing the pie: differential dung pat size utilization by sympatric Haematobia irritans and Musca autumnalis

Nutrition and reproduction in haematophagous arthropods

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