Physiological adaptations of Elymus dahuricus to high altitude on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau

Cui, Guowen; Ji, Guoxu; Liu, Shengyong; Li, Bing; Lian, Lu; He, Wei‐Ming; Zhang, Pan

doi:10.1007/s11738-019-2904-z

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Under these conditions, abiotic stressors induce the increased production of ROS in plant cells, leading to oxidative stress and redox imbalance [43,44]. To survive, trees have developed different physiological, biochemical and molecular strategies that include high antioxidant system activity, increased carotenoid/chlorophyll ratios, cell membrane saturation, decreased water content and increased proline content [45,46]. These adaptive responses affect, on the one hand, the senescence onset time, its duration and progression, and thus the achievement of the basic aim of senescence, i.e., the remobilization of cellular macromolecules.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical Basis of Altitude Adaptation and Antioxidant System Activity during Autumn Leaf Senescence in Beech Populations

Kraj

Zarek

2021

Forests

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High-altitude tree populations are exposed to severe natural environmental conditions. Among abiotic factors, variable temperatures, early frosts, and high radiation are the factors affecting tree growth at high altitudes. Fagus sylvatica L. exhibits a variety of physiological and genetic traits that allow it to adapt to different forest habitats. This study examines the differences in the biochemical properties of senescing beech leaves between populations originating from different altitudes using a common-garden experiment. Leaves were collected from five-year-old plants from the beginning of August to the end of October for two years. Based on the changes in senescence marker levels the genetic differences and significant correlations between populations’ altitude origin and their biochemical characteristics were identified. According to the free radical theory of leaf senescence, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and senescence markers were highly correlated. In this study, populations from higher altitudes were characterized by earlier and greater increases in ROS content and oxidative stress, which resulted in higher antioxidative system activity. Increases in ROS in high-altitude populations play a controlling role to initiate earlier senescence processes that allow the trees to adapt to harsh climatic conditions. Earlier senescence allows beech trees to maintain a balance between nitrogen metabolism and photosynthetic activity. It allows for remobilization of nitrogen compounds more efficiently and protects the trees from nitrogen loss and prepares them for winter dormancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical Basis of Altitude Adaptation and Antioxidant System Activity during Autumn Leaf Senescence in Beech Populations

Kraj

Zarek

2021

Forests

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“…Enhanced photoprotection against low temperature‐induced photoinhibition has also been observed in cotton overexpressing a cluster of genes encoding multiple enzymes from the water–water cycle targeted to the chloroplast (Kornyeyev et al , ). Plants from the Tibetan plateau, such as Stipa purpurea , Elymus dahuricus and Herpetospermum pedunculosum, exhibit extreme cold and drought tolerance, concomitantly with exacerbated activity of SOD, APX and glutathione reductase (GR; Yang et al , ; Zhao et al , ; Cui et al , ). Overall, the efficiency of alternative electron sinks and their ecophysiological significance for species inhabiting extreme environments will certainly depend on the interplay of a variety of alternative electron sinks.…”

Section: Photobiochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

How do vascular plants perform photosynthesis in extreme environments? An integrative ecophysiological and biochemical story

et al. 2020

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Summary In this work, we review the physiological and molecular mechanisms that allow vascular plants to perform photosynthesis in extreme environments, such as deserts, polar and alpine ecosystems. Specifically, we discuss the morpho/anatomical, photochemical and metabolic adaptive processes that enable a positive carbon balance in photosynthetic tissues under extreme temperatures and/or severe water‐limiting conditions in C3 species. Nevertheless, only a few studies have described the in situ functioning of photoprotection in plants from extreme environments, given the intrinsic difficulties of fieldwork in remote places. However, they cover a substantial geographical and functional range, which allowed us to describe some general trends. In general, photoprotection relies on the same mechanisms as those operating in the remaining plant species, ranging from enhanced morphological photoprotection to increased scavenging of oxidative products such as reactive oxygen species. Much less information is available about the main physiological and biochemical drivers of photosynthesis: stomatal conductance (gs), mesophyll conductance (gm) and carbon fixation, mostly driven by RuBisCO carboxylation. Extreme environments shape adaptations in structures, such as cell wall and membrane composition, the concentration and activation state of Calvin–Benson cycle enzymes, and RuBisCO evolution, optimizing kinetic traits to ensure functionality. Altogether, these species display a combination of rearrangements, from the whole‐plant level to the molecular scale, to sustain a positive carbon balance in some of the most hostile environments on Earth.

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“…Recent studies have pinpointed relevant metabolic clusters in adaptation to extreme environments in plants harvested in high mountains, deserts and salt lands (Dussarrat et al ., 2021). These adaptive mechanisms involved the accumulation of amino acids (Lugan et al ., 2010) as precursors of secondary metabolites, and carotenoids (Cui et al ., 2019) and polyphenols (Hashim et al ., 2020) as processors of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, most of these studies were carried out on a unique or limited number of species (Dussarrat et al ., 2021), which, combined with high biochemical diversity, led to highly specific metabolic markers involved in adaptive mechanisms exclusive to the species or environment (Peters et al ., 2018; Dussarrat et al ., 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive metabolomics of multiple Atacama plant species unveils a core set of generic metabolites for extreme climate resilience

et al. 2022

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Current crop yield of the best ideotypes is stagnating and threatened by climate change. In this scenario, understanding wild plant adaptations in extreme ecosystems offers an opportunity to learn about new mechanisms for resilience. Previous studies have shown species specificity for metabolites involved in plant adaptation to harsh environments.Here, we combined multispecies ecological metabolomics and machine learning-based generalized linear model predictions to link the metabolome to the plant environment in a set of 24 species belonging to 14 families growing along an altitudinal gradient in the Atacama Desert.Thirty-nine common compounds predicted the plant environment with 79% accuracy, thus establishing the plant metabolome as an excellent integrative predictor of environmental fluctuations. These metabolites were independent of the species and validated both statistically and biologically using an independent dataset from a different sampling year. Thereafter, using multiblock predictive regressions, metabolites were linked to climatic and edaphic stressors such as freezing temperature, water deficit and high solar irradiance.These findings indicate that plants from different evolutionary trajectories use a generic metabolic toolkit to face extreme environments. These core metabolites, also present in agronomic species, provide a unique metabolic goldmine for improving crop performances under abiotic pressure.

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Physiological adaptations of Elymus dahuricus to high altitude on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau

Cited by 17 publications

References 49 publications

Biochemical Basis of Altitude Adaptation and Antioxidant System Activity during Autumn Leaf Senescence in Beech Populations

Biochemical Basis of Altitude Adaptation and Antioxidant System Activity during Autumn Leaf Senescence in Beech Populations

How do vascular plants perform photosynthesis in extreme environments? An integrative ecophysiological and biochemical story

Predictive metabolomics of multiple Atacama plant species unveils a core set of generic metabolites for extreme climate resilience

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