Physiological adaptations of Cyprideis torosa (Crustacea, Ostracoda) to hydrogen sulphide

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Populations of the Baltic clam Macoma balthica show different degrees of sulphide tolerance in relation to s u l p h~d e contamination of their habitats. Specimens from sulphidic habitats such a s the Gulf of G d k k (Baltic Proper) and shallo~v waters near the island of Hiddensee (Southern Baltic Sea) have higher survival capaclt~es during sulphide exposure than those from low sulphide contaminated environments such as K~e l Bight (Western Baltic Sea) and the Wadden Sea near Dorum-Neufeld (Weser estuary, North Sea). The tolerant clams are better able to protect cytochrome c oxidase against sulphide toxification. It can b e assumed that this protection is due to slower sulphide diffus~on Into the tissues Sulphide-tolerant specimens from h~g h l y sulphidic habitats have apparent sulphide d~ffusion coefflc~ents which al-e roughly half those of sulphide-sensitive specimens from low sulphidic stations.Higher s u l p h~d e influx into the sensitive clams will negatively affect t h e~r metabolism, combined with longer inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase, resulting in higher mortality.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…in detail in Jahn (1997) and Jahn et al (1996Jahn et al ( , 1997 H~ddensee with the following equations: r,2…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Different degrees of tolerance to hydrogen sulphide in populations of Macoma balthica (Bivalvia, Tellinidae)

Jahn¹,

Theede²

1997

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“…This may be due to their small body sizes (cf. Jahn et al 1996. These foraminfera have, however, been recently observed to be highly resistant to prolonged anoxia (Moodley et al 1997); this conf~rms the general rule that anoxia in combination with sulphide is more toxic than anoxia alone (Diaz & Rosenberg 1995.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Tolerance of benthic foraminifera (Protista:Sarcodina) to hydrogen sulphide

Moodley¹,

Schaub²,

Zwaan³

et al. 1998

Benthic foraminlfera are dominant members of the meiofauna, commonly occurring below the anoxic-oxic interface in marine sediments. The absence of oxygen in marine coastal sediments is often correlated with the formation of hydrogen sulphide. In this study the tolerance of benthic foraminifera (from the northwestern Adriatic Sea) to hydrogen sulphide was examined experimentally. Although the foraminiferal assemblage exhib~ted a high tolerance to short-term exposure (21 d ) , prolonged exposure to sulph~dic conditions (66 d with a final concentration of 12 PM dissolved hydrogen sulphide) resulted in a significant reduction of total foraminiferal densities with time. Reproduction was evident under oxic conditio~s but none of the gencra prc!iferated under sillphidic conditions. This implies that tolerance of sulphidic conditions was restricted to survival and that sulphlde may be a prominent distnbutional factor for benthic foraminifera.

“…When the shells are opened, the surface of the -C' paired mantle edge exposed to the sediment is assumed to be roughly a rect-phide influx will then be 9 X 10-l2 m01 S-' or 32 nmol h-'. This means that the precipitation capacity of copper will be exhausted after about 1 h. D takes into account protection strategies of the clam such as temporary shell closure (Jahn et al 1996. Therefore, the sulphide diffusion rate calculated above is probably a conservative value.…”

Section: Precipitates In Vacuoles Of Apical Epidermal Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulphide-induced metal precipitation in the mantle edge of Macoma balthica (Bivalvia, Tellinidae) - a means of detoxification

Windoffer¹,

Jahn²,

Meyberg³

et al. 1999

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The blackening of tissues or mucus of benthic animals from sulphidic environments is a remarkable phenomenon whose ecological interpretation is disputed. In the Baltic clam Macoma balthica the mantle edge turned black after sulphide exposure owing to numerous precipitates in the extracellular matrix underneath the epidermal cells. In the apical parts of these cells, similar precipitates were found, albeit in lower abundance. Elemental analyses showed that copper (214.7 pg g-' ww [wet weight]) and sulphur (1328.6 pg g.' ww) were the main components, with iron (311.2 pg g-' ww) and zinc (112.7 pg g-' \W) in lower concentration. Apparently, these precipitates become phagocytosed by amoebocytes and concentrated in haemocytic granules. This is interpreted as a pathway of removal from the mantle edge. On the basis of calculated diffusion rates (DHS-= 1.9 X cm2 S-'). there is a sulphide influx of 61 nmol h-' into the body of M. balthica. Even under conservative assumptions, this would lead to the binding of all the copper present in about 30 min. It is concluded that the process of sulphide precipitation can represent a temporarily effective pathway attenuating sulphide toxification.