Physiologic Responses of Paraplegics and Quadriplegics to Passive and Active Leg Cycle Ergometry

Figoni, Stephen F.; Rodgers, Mary M.; Glaser, R. M.; Hooker, Steven P.; Feghri, Pouran D.; Ezenwa, B.N.; Mathews, Thomas; Suryaprasad, A. G.; Gupta, Shikhar

doi:10.1080/01952307.1990.11735814

Cited by 55 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…3,6,26 In the current study the V . O 2 increased by 100% (P40.05) and was accompanied by a threefold increase in the V .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a technique which allows persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) to perform functional tasks such as rudimentary walking, 1 rowing 2 and cycle exercise 3,4 with their paralyzed extremities. Studies that have evaluated the acute physiological responses to incremental FES cycle exercise in persons with SCI have indicated that the oxygen uptake (V .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quadriceps muscle deoxygenation during functional electrical stimulation in adults with spinal cord injury

et al. 2000

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Study design: Cross-sectional study comparing healthy subjects with age and gender matched subjects with spinal cord injury (SCI, injury levels from C5 to T12). Objectives: To compare the acute cardiorespiratory responses and muscle oxygenation trends during functional electrical stimulation (FES) cycle exercise and recovery in the SCI and healthy subjects exercising on a mechanical cycle ergometer. Setting: Seven volunteers in each group participated in one exercise test at the Rick Hansen Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. Methods: Both groups completed a stagewise incremental test to voluntary fatigue followed by 2 min each of active and passive recovery. Cardiorespiratory responses were continuously monitored using an automated metabolic cart and a wireless heart rate monitor. Tissue absorbency, an index of muscle oxygenation, was monitored non-invasively from the vastus lateralis using near infrared spectroscopy. Results: The healthy subjects showed signi®cant (P50.05) increases in the oxygen uptake (V . O 2 ), heart rate (HR) and ventilation rate (V . E ) from rest to maximal exercise. The SCI subjects showed a twofold increase in V . O 2 (P40.05), a threefold increase in V . E (P50.05) and a 5 beats/min increase in HR (P40.05) from the resting value. The SCI subjects demonstrated a lesser degree (P50.05) of muscle deoxygenation than the healthy subjects during the transition from rest to exercise. Regression analysis indicated that the rate of decline in muscle deoxygenation with respect to the V . O 2 was signi®cantly (P50.05) faster in the SCI subjects compared to healthy subjects. Conclusions: FES exercise in SCI subjects elicits: (a) modest increases in the cardiorespiratory responses when compared to resting levels; (b) lower degree of muscle deoxygenation during maximal exercise, and (c) faster changes in muscle deoxygenation with respect to the V . O 2 during exercise when compared to healthy subjects. Spinal Cord (2000) 38, 630 ± 638

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“…3,6,26 In the current study the V . O 2 increased by 100% (P40.05) and was accompanied by a threefold increase in the V .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quadriceps muscle deoxygenation during functional electrical stimulation in adults with spinal cord injury

et al. 2000

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“…Further support for this contention may be that recumbent passive exercise has been shown to evoke no HR response in individuals with SCI. 44 However, the upright posture did not account for the entire HR response to ambulation since HR's tended to be higher during BWSTT than during motionless upright posture. Factors accounting for this further increase in HR may only be speculated upon.…”

Section: The Effects Of Bwstt On Vascular Dimension and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of body-weight supported treadmill training on cardiovascular regulation in individuals with motor-complete SCI

et al. 2005

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Study design: Four-month longitudinal within-subject exercise training study. Objective: Although body-weight supported treadmill training (BWSTT) has not shown promise as a means of improving ambulation in individuals with motor-complete spinal cord injury (SCI), it may still improve cardiovascular health and function in this population. The purpose of this study was to (i) investigate the effects of BWSTT on peripheral muscular and elastic artery dimension and function and measures of heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure variability (BPV) in individuals with motor-complete SCI, and (ii) to make a preliminary examination of what factors may predict favourable cardiovascular outcomes following BWSTT in this population. Setting: Centre for Health Promotion and Rehabilitation, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Methods: Six individuals (four male, two female; age 37.7715.4 years) with chronic SCI (C4-T12; ASIA A-B; 7.679.4 years post-injury) were included in the present investigation. Doppler ultrasound was used to determine femoral (exercising; muscular), carotid (elastic) and brachial (nonexercising control; muscular) artery dimension and function before and after 4 months of BWSTT. Continuous heart rate and blood pressure were also recorded before and after 4-months of BWSTT to determine frequency domain measures of HRV and BPV; clinically valuable indices of neurocardiac and neurovascular control, respectively. Results: Two-way ANOVA (vessel Â time) revealed no exercise-induced change in femoral or carotid artery cross-sectional area, blood flow or resistance and no change in carotid artery compliance following the 4 months of BWSTT compared to the nonexercising control brachial artery. However, there was a significant exercise-induced increase in femoral artery compliance. There were no exercise-induced changes in HRV or BPV when all participants were considered together. However, the results suggest that the subgroup of individuals who had a substantial heart rate response to BWSTT (n ¼ 3), experienced exercise-training induced changes in HRV reflective of a relative shift toward cardiac vagal predominance and reductions in BPV. Conclusions: BWSTT may cause an increase in femoral artery compliance in individuals with motor-complete SCI and therefore, should be encouraged as a means of improving cardiovascular health in this population. BWSTT may also cause modest improvements in measures of HRV and BPV in a select subgroup of individuals who respond to ambulation with moderate to large increases in HR. In the present study, factors associated with a substantial HR response to BWSTT were a propensity to orthostatic intolerance and muscular spasticity.Spinal Cord (2005) 43, 664-673.

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“…Stationary FES-induced semireclined leg cycling (FES-LCE) is used clinically as a form of therapeutic exercise to prevent secondary impairments following SCI injury. [1][2][3] Results from these studies indicate that FES-LCE: (1) increases muscle mass, [4][5][6] (2) improves strength and endurance, [7][8][9] (3) facilitates improvements in function, 7 (4) increases cardiovascular fitness, 7,8,10 (5) improves circulation, 7,8,11 (6) decreases swelling due to edema, 12 (7) reduces rate of bone density loss, 13,14 and (8) reduces lower limb blood pooling. 15,16 These results suggest that FES-induced muscle contraction during cycling exercise can be a valuable clinical rehabilitation tool for individuals with SCI in improving rehabilitation outcome, health, and fitness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinematic analyses of semireclined leg cycling in able-bodied and spinal cord injured individuals

Trumbower

Faghri

2005

Spinal Cord

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Study design: Retrospective descriptive study. Objectives: To evaluate the leg kinematics and motion characteristics within able-bodied (AB) and spinal cord injured (SCI) individuals during stationary semireclined cycling. Setting: Functional Performance Laboratory, Connecticut, USA. Methods: Three SCI and three AB subjects participated in steady-state leg pedaling (50 revolutions per minute). The SCI group participated in electrical stimulation (FES)-induced cycling at resistances of 0, 6.25, and 12.5 Watts (W). The AB group cycled on the same ergometer without FES at resistances of 0, 60, and 120 W. Motion capture analysis recorded joint angular position, velocity, and acceleration at hip, knee, and ankle. Joint kinematics of hip, knee, and ankle were measured during steady-state leg cycling and comparisons were made between AB and SCI subjects as resistance proportionally and relatively increased. Results: Intrasubject hip and knee movement patterns showed minimal variability across resistance levels. Comparisons between AB and SCI subjects showed that the hip and knee kinematics were very similar at all resistance levels. However, ankle movement patterns appeared to increase in variability (increased dorsiflexion) with increased resistance level in AB subjects and less so with SCI subjects. Overall, the ankle kinematics for AB and SCI subjects were dissimilar at resistance levels greater than zero. Conclusions: The joint kinematics of the hip, knee, and ankle were found to be periodic, but the differences in ankle kinematics in AB and SCI subjects suggest more emphasise should be placed on the current design of the bike-pedal and subject-specific seat configurations.Spinal Cord (2005) 43, 543-549.

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Physiologic Responses of Paraplegics and Quadriplegics to Passive and Active Leg Cycle Ergometry

Cited by 55 publications

References 21 publications

Quadriceps muscle deoxygenation during functional electrical stimulation in adults with spinal cord injury

Quadriceps muscle deoxygenation during functional electrical stimulation in adults with spinal cord injury

The effects of body-weight supported treadmill training on cardiovascular regulation in individuals with motor-complete SCI

Kinematic analyses of semireclined leg cycling in able-bodied and spinal cord injured individuals

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