Physiologic Responses Following Gonadotropin‐Releasing Hormone Immunization in Intact Male Dogs

Donovan, Caitlin; Greer, Monte A.; Kutzler, MA

doi:10.1111/rda.12017

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Three adjuvant formulations were used: (i) aluminium hydroxide, (ii) aluminium hydroxide with imiquimod, and (iii) chitosan with the GnRXG/Q antigen . Considering that immunocastration seeks to block the GnRH‐I hormone to inhibit normal gonadal activity, the response profile induced, and changes in reproductive function were described.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The immune profile induced is crucial to determine the effects of immunocastration over gonadal function, fertility, and GnRH‐I expression

Siel

Loaiza

Vidal

et al. 2017

American J Rep Immunol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The immune profile induced is crucial to determine the effects of immunocastration over gonadal function, fertility, and GnRH‐I expression

Siel

Loaiza

Vidal

et al. 2017

American J Rep Immunol

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“…However, the interest in developing non-surgical methods has increased due to the fact that in many countries, especially developing countries, the large number of animals makes surgical methods almost impossible. This is mainly due to high implementation costs, a need for qualified professionals to perform surgeries and anesthesia, as well as operating rooms and equipment and medical care after surgery [8,9]. Hence, cheaper, easily applied non-surgical methods based on hormones antibodies, and other pharmacological techniques have been researched and developed to be used on both genders; among these the most promising method is immunocastration [8,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive and Behavioral Evaluation of a New Immunocastration Dog Vaccine

Siel

Ubilla

Vidal

et al. 2020

Animals

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Canine immunocastration development has been of interest for many years as a complementary strategy to surgical castration. The purpose of this paper was to verify the effect of a recombinant vaccine for dog immunocastration. Two tests were done, one under controlled conditions and a second under field conditions. Animals were injected with 1 mL of 500 µg GnRXG/Q recombinant protein; 500 µg of low molecular weight chitosan as adjuvant; 1 mL NaCl 0.9% q.s. In the first trial, eight Beagle male dogs between the ages of 1 and 3 comprised the sample, randomly divided into two groups: vaccinated group (n = 7) and control group (n = 2). The second trial had 32 dogs with owners. In the first controlled conditions trial, the vaccine produced specific antibodies that remained until the end of the trial (day 270), inducing reduced testosterone and spermiogram changes in the immunized animals. In a second trial, on the field, specific immunity was induced, which remained high up to day 150. The vaccine also reduced sexual agonistic and marking behaviors. This new vaccine proved to be safe, immunogenic, capable of reducing gonadal functionality, and had a positive effect on inducing reduced sexual, agonistic, and marking behavior of the animals.

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“…A commercial canine GnRH vaccine (Canine Gonadotropin Releasing Factor Immunotherapeutic â ; Pfizer Animal Health, Exton, PA, USA) injected twice at 4-week interval produced GnRH antibodies with a decrease in LH and testosterone concentrations and a reduction in testicular volume. The effects were reversed by the end of the study period, lasting only for 20 weeks (Donovan et al 2012).…”

Section: Immunization Against Gnrhmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The effects were reversed by the end of the study period, lasting only for 20 weeks (Donovan et al. ).…”

Section: Immunosterilization/immunocontraceptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of Fertility in Adult Dogs

Maenhoudt

Santos

Fontbonne

2014

Reprod Domestic Animals

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Contents Unfortunately, the overpopulation of dogs is still a problem in the majority of countries and even though surgical methods of sterilization, the most traditional and commonly used technique, have been intensively performed, the impact on the dog population is negligible. The neutering of companion animals as ovariohysterectomy (spaying) or orchidectomy (castration) has its limitations because of the cost, the need of a surgical environment and the risk of surgical and/or anaesthetical complications (ACCD 2009). In fact, surgical castration has been banished in some northern European countries and has limited acceptance in other countries. In a survey performed in Sao Paulo, Brazil, 56.5% of the owners of adopted shelter dogs were against the surgical procedure for different reasons (Soto et al. 2005). Currently, the options for contraception, defined as suppression of fertility are based on hormonal treatment. The treatments can be divided into analogues of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), progestins and androgens. Other possibilities of contraception are via the immunological system with vaccinations against GnRH, the luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor and the zona pellucida proteins. Finally, there is also the intra‐epididymal or intratesticular injection of sclerosing substances in dogs. Mechanical devices to disrupt fertility are not used anymore due to the side effects. Suppression of fertility in adult dogs will be reviewed in order of use and possible impact on the dog population.

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Physiologic Responses Following Gonadotropin‐Releasing Hormone Immunization in Intact Male Dogs

Cited by 17 publications

References 6 publications

The immune profile induced is crucial to determine the effects of immunocastration over gonadal function, fertility, and GnRH‐I expression

The immune profile induced is crucial to determine the effects of immunocastration over gonadal function, fertility, and GnRH‐I expression

Reproductive and Behavioral Evaluation of a New Immunocastration Dog Vaccine

Suppression of Fertility in Adult Dogs

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