Physiologic changes occurring in the urinary tract during pregnancy

Hundley, James M.; Walton, H. J.; Hibbitts, J.T.; Siegel, Isadore A.; Brack, C.

doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(35)91213-3

Cited by 50 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Pinkerton et al (1961) found 19 abnormalities in 43 pyelograms of patients who had urinary infections during pregnancy and Monzon et a/. If the X-ray is arranged at the postnatal clinic, the physiological changes of pregnancy will have regressed by the time it is carried out (Hundley et a/., 1935;Baird, 1936). If the X-ray is arranged at the postnatal clinic, the physiological changes of pregnancy will have regressed by the time it is carried out (Hundley et a/., 1935;Baird, 1936).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Treatment of Urinary Infection

McFadyen

McCallum

1965

BJOG

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Treatment of Urinary Infection

McFadyen

McCallum

1965

BJOG

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“…1905 stellte Opitz fest, daû die Pyelonephritis in der Schwangerschaft meist in der zweiten Hälfte auftritt und postulierte die Hypothese einer Kompression des wachsenden Uterus auf die Linea terminalis [13]. Mehrere Autoren bestätigten in den letzten Jahrzehnten eine Dilatation des oberen Harntraktes im letzten Trimenon auch bei beschwerdefreien Frauen, zur Geburt bei zirka 80 % aller Schwangeren auf der rechten und 50 % auf der linken Seite [1,5].…”

Section: Diskussionunclassified

Ureteral stent placement in hydronephrosis during pregnancy

John

Vondruska

Sulser

et al. 1999

Urologe

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In this study we describe 22 cases of retrograde ureteral stent placement in pregnant women with therapy-resistant flank pain due to hydronephrosis. Eleven were primiparous and one patient expected twins. Eight of 22 patients presented symptoms of pyelonephritis. In 21 cases the hydronephrosis was located on the right and in 4 cases it was bilateral. Maximal lower calix diameter was 12 mm (range 9-22 mm). With the exception of two cases, sonographically controlled stent placement was performed under local anesthesia without sedation. All patients were painfree within 6 days and were given prophylactic low doses of antibiotic until the day of delivery. Renal function remained within the normal limits. Double-J stent displacement occurred in 3 patients - of which one underwent nephrostomy. Postnatal examination demonstrated urolithiasis in 4 of 19 patients. This study provides evidence for effectiveness of retrograde ureteral Double-J stent placement as a therapeutic option in cases of severe symptomatic hydronephrosis during pregnancy with a low morbidity rate.

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“…The development of pyelonephritis in pregnant women has been ascribed to the anatomical and functional changes of the urinary tract usually observed from the third month of pregnancy to a few weeks after delivery (5,7,12). Dilatation of the ureters and renal pelves has been attributed to obstruction of the ureter by the pregnant uterus (13) Diethylstilbestrol.2 Pellets contained 75% diethylstilbestrol and 25% cholesterol by weight.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These experimental models, however, do not expflain tile hlighl lneilence cf pyeloneptihrits in human pregnancy (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). The development of pyelonephritis in pregnant women has been ascribed to the anatomical and functional changes of the urinary tract usually observed from the third month of pregnancy to a few weeks after delivery (5,7,12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The development of pyelonephritis in pregnant women has been ascribed to the anatomical and functional changes of the urinary tract usually observed from the third month of pregnancy to a few weeks after delivery (5,7,12). Dilatation of the ureters and renal pelves has been attributed to obstruction of the ureter by the pregnant uterus (13), hypertrophy of the longitudinal sheath of muscle bundles at the lower end of the ureter (6), or hormonal "imbalance" producing atony of the ureter with resultant diminished peristaltic activity (14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Diethylstilbestrol on the Susceptibility of Rats to Hematogenous Pyelonephritis*

Andriole¹,

Cohn²

1964

J. Clin. Invest.

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Renal infection rarely occurs after the intravenous injection of gram-negative bacteria, namely, Escherichia coli into normal animals (1). If the kidney is subjected to experimental trauma (2), ureteral ligation (3), medullary scarring secondary to cautery injury (4), or chemical injury (1), an increased susceptibility to infection results.These experimental models, however, do not expflain tile hlighl lneilence cf pyeloneptihrits in human pregnancy (5-12). The development of pyelonephritis in pregnant women has been ascribed to the anatomical and functional changes of the urinary tract usually observed from the third month of pregnancy to a few weeks after delivery (5,7,12). Dilatation of the ureters and renal pelves has been attributed to obstruction of the ureter by the pregnant uterus (13) Diethylstilbestrol.2 Pellets contained 75% diethylstilbestrol and 25% cholesterol by weight. The pellets were weighed3 and placed subcutaneously through a skin incision, 15 mm long, at the base of the neck of rats under light ether anesthesia. The incision was closed with a skin clip. At the time of sacrifice, the pellets were recovered from most animals, dried, and weighed. The amount of diethylstilbestrol absorbed was estimated to be 0.75 times the difference in pellet weight. Shamape.rAtion wart carried otA inr contrcd rktw Bacteria. The strain of F. rali (1FN 9) irud ha-a been maintained in this laboratory for 7 years, and details of its handling were described previously (3). A volume of 0.5 ml of a 4-hour culture (containing 2.5 to 7.5 X 10' organisms per ml) was injected into the tail vein of each rat. Tenfold dilutions in 0.85% sodium chloride solution were incubated in agar pour plates to enumerate each inoculum. Removal of the urinary tract for bacteriological and pathological studies. Sterile technique was maintained during all surgical procedures. Under pentobarbital anesthesia, the abdominal wall was cleaned with 70% alcohol and incised so that the entire urinary tract was exposed. After urine and blood were collected in some ahiiiiiil, tsia kidneys, ufeters, and bladletbr weic iviliuved and placed in Petri dishes for macroscopic examination and sectioning. A mid-line longitudinal section was made in each kidney which appeared grossly abscessed or hydronephrotic. One-half of the kidney, both ureters, and the bladder were fixed in 10%o formol for histological examination. The remaining half of the kidney was placed in a Teflon tissue homogenizer and ground in 4.5 ml of 0.85%o sodium chloride solution until a homogeneous suspension was obtained. Whole kidneys were cultured after homogenization with 9.0 ml of saline. These concentrations represented a 101 dilution. Subsequent tenfold dilutions were prepared in saline solution. Agar pour plates were made from these dilutions, and colony counts were determined after incubation for 48 hours.Counts ranging between 30 and 300 colonies were taken as most nearly representative. When the greatest dilution contained too many colonies to be counted, the numDiethylstilbestr...

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Physiologic changes occurring in the urinary tract during pregnancy

Cited by 50 publications

References 11 publications

The Treatment of Urinary Infection

The Treatment of Urinary Infection

Ureteral stent placement in hydronephrosis during pregnancy

The Effect of Diethylstilbestrol on the Susceptibility of Rats to Hematogenous Pyelonephritis*

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