Physiologic and Perceptual Effects of Induced Anterior Open Bite

Relationships between Interincisal Occlusion and Articulatory Components of Speech

“…As this high pressure is of short duration, it should not cause spacing of the maxillary incisors. Instead, structural deviation near the area of constriction changes the air flow and leads to compensatory efforts during pronunciation of medioalveolar consonants, which are the last and most difficult to be learned and are more complicated to pro duce and more sensitive to disturbances than any other sounds [Subtelny et al, 1964[Subtelny et al, , 1972, Perhaps they are also more detectable than distortions of vowels and other conso nants [Warren et al, 1984],…”

Intraoral Speech Pressures after Experimental Loss of Velar Resistance

“…In a previous study, using bite blocks to increase vertical dimen sions during sibilant productions, it was found that normal subjects manifested an immediate increase in respiratory effort to prevent pressure from falling [Warren et al, 1980[Warren et al, , 1981[Warren et al, , 1984, Putnam et al [1986] in troduced a sudden leak into the oral cavity using bleed valves and found that, as size of the opening increased, airflow rate increased and pressure was maintained above 4 cm H20 .…”

“…Evidence that supports the concept of a speech regulating system comes from studies involving cleft palate subjects [Warren, 1986], individuals with acquired palatal de fects [Minsley et al, 1987], and pcrtubation studies utilizing bite blocks [Warren et al, 1980[Warren et al, , 1981[Warren et al, , 1984 and bleed valves [Putnam et al, 1986]. The findings suggest that main- taining a stable aerodynamic environment is a priority in speech motor control.…”

Intraoral Air Pressure Discrimination under Conditions of Partial and Complete Resistance

“…Warren [7] has noted that the term 'control' generally implies that the brain receives information, processes it, and then directs the control activity. Evidence for this has been accounted for in air leak [20,25,26] and bite block [27] studies, thus prompting Warren et al [24] to postulate that 'the respiratory and articulatory structures are constrained to act together toward a common goal of maintaining an adequate level of pressure for consonants'. The results of the present study have revealed that speakers possess the ability to detect differences in self-generated oral air pressures that are at or below the values known for differences between consonant cognate pairs.…”