Physics of Vibrations in Living Tissues

Gierke, H. E. von; Oestreicher, Hans L.; Franke, Ernst K.; Parrack, Horace O.; Wittern, Wolf W. von

doi:10.1152/jappl.1952.4.12.886

Cited by 165 publications

(57 citation statements)

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“…While most of the results are not directly relevant to the present problem, one of the observations of von Gierke et al (1952) bears directly on the assumptions underlying the model. This is the fact that, on both the upper arm and the thigh, the speed of surface waves was about 160 ern/sec.…”

Section: Foundations Of the Modelmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Von Gierke, Oestreicher, Franke, Parrack, and von Wittern (1952) and Moore and Mundie (1972) have studied the bulk impedance of tissue excited by a piston. While most of the results are not directly relevant to the present problem, one of the observations of von Gierke et al (1952) bears directly on the assumptions underlying the model.…”

Section: Foundations Of the Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tactile roughness of grooved surfaces: A model and the effect of friction

Taylor¹,

Lederman²

1975

Perception & Psychophysics

185

145

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Previous experimental data on the roughness of grooved aluminum tiles provide a data base against which to test theories of roughness perception. A model based on the static deformation of the skin to.uching the stimulus tile is developed, and 11 parameters of the deformation are individually compared with the experimental data. All parameters were tested first in an approximate way, and then the better parameters were recalculated in a more exact manner. Three parameters, the depth to which the finger penetrates the groove, the cross-sectional area of the finger within the groove, and the cross-sectional area of the deviation of the skin from its resting position, all predict the roughness well as a function of finger force and groove width. The last of the three predicts roughness best as a function of land width, and is tentatively preferred as "the stimulus for roughness." All predictions from the static model indicate that variation of the coefficient of friction between skin and tile should have little or no effect. This counterintuitive prediction was confirmed by an experiment.Although psychophysics has been with us for over a century, there has been little discussion and no agreement on what constitutes the stimulus for roughness. There are two probable reasons for this lack: stimuli graded in an appropriate physical dimension are hard to manufacture, and knowledge of the tactile receptor systems and their functions is quite limited. There is so little agreement on the stimulus for roughness that the present authors were able to engage in a difference of opinion with their co-author in a recent chapter on texture perception (Taylor, Lederman, & Gibson, 1973). Gibson claimed that the perceived roughness of a surface depended on the frequency of vibration induced by the passage of the finger over the surface, while Taylor and Lederman held that vibratory energy, rather than its frequency, was responsible. The present paper introduces the hypothesis that neither vibratory frequency nor vibratory energy is the stimulus for perceived roughness; the deformation of the skin rather than the energy involved in the deformation is the important factor.

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Section: Foundations Of the Modelmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Foundations Of the Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tactile roughness of grooved surfaces: A model and the effect of friction

Taylor¹,

Lederman²

1975

Perception & Psychophysics

185

145

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As long as the total pressure drop across the stenosis is not large, U will be determined by the capillary resistance and will not change. The measured intensity will follow the scaling law V c (Dld)8 (19) which means that small changes in the stenosis size will bring about large changes in sound amplitude.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phonoangiography: A New Noninvasive Diagnostic Method for Studying Arterial Disease

Lees

Dewey

1970

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

125

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Abstract. Phonoangiography, the quantitative analysis of sounds produced by blood flow, has been used to investigate local fluid motion in arteries narrowed by atherosclerosis. The sound spectra measured in vivo were found to be identical to those obtained in laboratory investigations of turbulent pipe flow. A theoretical model is proposed which: (a) quantitatively relates the in vivo and in vitro data, and (b) allows estimation of the clinically important parameters of arterial diameter, flow velocity, local turbulence intensity, and wall pressure fluctuations. The results of calculations using data from human subjects agree with known arterial diameters and blood flow velocities.Atherosclerosis is responsible for nearly half of all deaths in the United States,1 many from coronary heart disease in males in the 35-55 age group. Study of the atherosclerotic process in man has been difficult. Direct assessment of the state of arteries for diagnostic2 or investigative3 purposes by catheter angiography is expensive, uncomfortable for the patient, and involves risk of infection, bleeding, and arrhythmia. Conversely, epidemiologic studies,4-7 which measure the effect of diet on the incidence of complications of arteriosclerosis, require large numbers of patients and years of study, detect only the sequelae of the atherosclerotic process, not the process itself, and do so only after irreparable damage is done.Noninvasive methods must be developed to determine the site and extent of atherosclerotic narrowing and to monitor the state of coronary and peripheral arteries repeatedly and inexpensively for both individual and epidemiologic studies. The most successful noninvasive technique previously reported uses externally applied ultrasonic waves.8-9 Echoes originating at the blood-tissue interface are interpreted to yield the local vessel diameter; the local blood velocity may be inferred from the frequency shift of the ultrasound radiation scattered by the moving column of blood.9 It is extremely difficult in practice to extract sufficient quantitative information with this technique to determine the effective degree of occlusion of a stenosed artery or details of the local blood flow.We present here a brief analysis of arterial fluid mechanics and report initial studies with phonoangiography, which we define as quantitative analysis of the sound generated by blood flow.Fluid-mechanical origins of cardiovascular sounds: For over 200 years, 935

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“…Internal Organ Response to Seated Spinal Impact in the Rhesus Monkey (Macaca Mulatta) ' 1 THE PROBLEM OF PREDICTING whether or not a particular acceleration input to a vehicle will result in trauma to its occupant has been studied inedetai by a number of investigators using vertical towers (&-3) 3 horizontal sleds (4)(5)(6)(7)(8), vibration tables (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16), and the human centrifuge (17). The results of these experiments have shown performance decrement and subjective endpoints to be related to the severity of mechanical loading.…”

Section: Biomechanics Of the Vertebral Column Andmentioning

confidence: 99%