Physics of the solar-terrestrial coupling: Results, problems, and new approaches

Relativity Laws for the Variation of Rates of Clocks Moving in Free Space and GPS Positioning Errors Caused by Space-Weather Events

“…The intensity of UHF radiation in such events in 40 or more times higher than typical levels of solar microwave bursts [58]. In particular, such events were observed during periods of geomagnetic disturbances, such as observations at wavelengths in the 3-50 cm range [59].…”

Some technospheric manifestations of heliogeophysical disturbances

“…The established natural cycles of atmo spheric and biospheric processes, which are caused by the variability of solar activity and which are responsi ble for the weather-climate and biological conditions of human life, are changing [1,2]. For example, the radiation of powerful radio stations is already affecting the near earth space-the ionosphere and the earth's radiation belts [3].…”

“…Therefore, there has always been the question: how can the main factors of solargeomagnetic activity influence atmospheric and bio spheric phenomena, as well as the technosphere? To identify weather-climate and biospheric relations with solar activity, trigger and resonance physical mechanisms were proposed, respectively [1][2][3]. The direct influence of space on the technosphere is prede termined by the generation during magnetic storms of special geomagnetically induced currents (GICs).…”

“…For example, the radiation of powerful radio stations is already affecting the near earth space-the ionosphere and the earth's radiation belts [3]. This influence of a highly devel oped technosphere occurs both directly and as feed back; in addition, the multiple factors, channels, and components of negative impacts on engineering sys tems are growing continuously together with the increasing scale and sophistication of these systems.The influence of the Sun on processes on the Earth is the subject matter of the physics of solar-earth rela tions [2]. In the first place, of interest is the emergence of three types of interrelations: the Sun and the tech nosphere; the Sun and the Earth's weather and cli mate; and the Sun and the biosphere, including the human being, although we know about the influence of solar activity on the lithosphere (earthquakes and volcanism), as well as on large scale processes in the ocean and even on the Earth's orbital speed.…”

“…The influence of the Sun on processes on the Earth is the subject matter of the physics of solar-earth rela tions [2]. In the first place, of interest is the emergence of three types of interrelations: the Sun and the tech nosphere; the Sun and the Earth's weather and cli mate; and the Sun and the biosphere, including the human being, although we know about the influence of solar activity on the lithosphere (earthquakes and volcanism), as well as on large scale processes in the ocean and even on the Earth's orbital speed.…”