Physics of Plasma in Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Rai, Vikas; Thakur, Surya N.

doi:10.1016/b978-044451734-0.50007-7

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 95 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The plasma is confined to a smaller volume and frequent collisions between the plasma species, mainly between electrons and atoms or ions, repeatedly cause electronic excitation of the species. This collisional re-excitation can increase the life time of the plasma to several tens of microseconds [41]. In vacuum, on the contrary, the plasma freely expands into the ambient without confinement.…”

Section: Laser Ablation and Plasma Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting sulfur on the Moon: The potential of vacuum ultraviolet laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Kubitza

Schröder

Dietz

et al. 2020

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This thesis investigates the application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) with detection in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectral range for in-situ space exploration. LIBS is a type of optical emission spectroscopy (OES). For LIBS, a pulsed laser is tightly focused onto the sample, thereby ablating material and exciting a luminous plasma. The atoms and ions contained in the plasma radiate light of characteristic wavelengths, which can be analysed with spectrometers like in other types of OES. The spectral analysis allows to identify the chemical elements in the plasma, which are assumed to be representative for the elements in the sample. With LIBS, in principle all elements can be detected. However, especially the non-metal elements are challenging to detect because their strongest lines are located in the VUV spectral range, i.e. below 200 nm, which is often not investigated. Detection in this range brings its own challenges, since large parts of the radiation spectrum are absorbed by the atmosphere surrounding the sample. On celestial bodies without an atmosphere, such as the Moon, the ambient conditions are well suited for VUV-LIBS analyses. In such a scenario, a better detectability for the otherwise challenging elements C, Cl, H, N, O, P and S is expected compared to LIBS in the usually employed detection range above 200 nm.Motivated by the recent ambitions of the national space agencies to return to the Moon and to potentially set up a permanent moon base in the near future, I investigated the potential of VUV-LIBS in a lunar context. For this project, a dedicated set-up for VUV-LIBS was designed and built at Institut für Optische Sensorsysteme of Deutsches Zentrum für Luft-und Raumfahrt (DLR-OS) in Berlin-Adlershof. After an initial characterization including a relative spectral sensitivity estimate, chemically simple samples have been studied in order to identify emission lines that are typically detectable with this set-up. From these measurements, emission lines from Al,

show abstract

Section: Laser Ablation and Plasma Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting sulfur on the Moon: The potential of vacuum ultraviolet laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Kubitza

Schröder

Dietz

et al. 2020

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…One of the methods used to determine the plasma parameters is time-resolved optical emission spectroscopy. The radiation emitted by the plasma is collected, monitored, and analyzed spectroscopically during the various stages of the plasma evolution [11]. This technique is an effective way to determine the composition and other properties of the LPP [9,12,13].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stoichiometric transfer by infrared pulsed laser deposition of y-doped Bi–Sr–Ca–Cu–O investigated using time-resolved optical emission spectroscopy

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

0.30, and 0.49 on an MgO (100) substrate was conducted using a Q-switched 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser The laser-produced plasma (LPP) emission was collected during the deposition. Time-resolved optical emission spectroscopy reveals that the plasma plume consists of neutral atoms and ions. SEM images indicate that clusters of correct stoichiometry arrive on the substrate surface. Our result confirms that IR PLD transfers material stoichiometrically. Keywords: pulsed laser deposition, plasma diagnostic techniques and instrumentation.Introduction. Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) has been extensively used in the fabrication of high-temperature superconductors such as Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu2O 8+δ (Bi-2212) [1][2][3][4][5]. It is a flexible and straightforward technique effective in growing highly crystalline films with smooth surface morphology suitable for device applications [3,4]. Various parameters of the laser, target, and deposition conditions influence the quality of PLD films. The laser wavelength and energy density, nature of the target, and deposition time can be explored to achieve high-quality superconducting Bi-2212 films [1][2][3][4][5]. One of the challenges in PLD is the preservation of the stoichiometry between the target and the film. This was resolved recently by using an IR pulsed laser as an excitation source in fabricating Bi-2212 films [6].Most publications in PLD focus on the characterization of the films [3-8]. Only few reports are given regarding the correlation between the plasma plume and the properties of the grown film. The laser-produced plasma (LPP) formed during the ablation process provides information on the characteristics of the particles being transferred to the film [9]. Previous studies showed the effect of energy fluence from the UV laser source on the dynamics of the plasma expansion and the stoichiometry of BSCCO films [10]. One of the methods used to determine the plasma parameters is time-resolved optical emission spectroscopy. The radiation emitted by the plasma is collected, monitored, and analyzed spectroscopically during the various stages of the plasma evolution [11]. This technique is an effective way to determine the composition and other properties of the LPP [9,12,13].In this paper, we investigate the different plasma parameters of laser-produced Y-doped BSCCO plasma using time-resolved optical emission spectroscopy. The optical emission spectra were simultaneously collected with the laser deposition of Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca 1-x YxCu2O 8+δ films using a 1064 nm Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. The surface morphology, atomic composition, and transition temperature of the films with different Y concentrations were evaluated in consideration of the LPP spectra.Experimental. PLD was conducted in a vacuum chamber at a pressure of 10 -2 mbar for 180 min. The

show abstract

“…laser focusing and collection optics), and strategies for gathering the emission measurements (i.e. delay time, integration time gate, emission lines selection and amplification detector gain) [40,41]. Proper dimensioning of the above mentioned parameters is relevant for the development of quantitative LIBS methods due to the complex nature of the laser-sample interaction, which primarily depends on both the laser characteristics and the test-sample properties, and secondly on the plasma-particle interactions, which are space and time dependent [19].…”

Section: Libs Experimental Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1.6X10 12 ΔE 3 T 1/2 , where "ΔE" (eV) is the largest transition energy for which the condition holds and "T" is the plasma temperature. 41 In addition, it is important to have precision in the analysis of these results and other results, such as the calibration curves that will be shown, so that the precision of the instrument can be credible. Figure 18 from a previously published paper by our group is presented here to demonstrate that the LIBS system used can indeed be consistent with all the results that will be presented.…”

Section: Correlation Analysis For Line Emission Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20) and "α 1/2 " is the reduced wavelength. 41 The reduced wavelength values were estimated by using values attained from Griem's 1974 appendix. In Griem's appendix, they only give the reduced wavelength at specific temperatures and for this process we took values close to our estimated plasma temperature and built a graph that allowed us to extrapolate the reduced wavelength value at 6813K.…”

Section: Libs Plasma Electron Densitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) applied to the quantification of elements in fertilizers

Cervantes¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

I would like to first thank the University of São Paulo (USP), for the opportunity in letting me become a part of its institution. Completing a Masters program at USP was more than just an academic experience; it was a life changing experience. I was born in the United States of America and before USP, I had never done an academic program abroad, but after my experience at USP I realized how important cultural exchanges are in addition to academic exchanges. As part of the Masters program in chemistry at the Instituto de Química de São Carlos (IQSC) I received not only an academic education, but a valuable life education that touched on various aspects of my life; I gained so much as part of the USP community that it exceeded my expectations and I am thankful to USP for allowing me to do that. I also want to thank Dr. Emmanuel Carrilho from the Chemistry Department, this professor was helpful and supportive of my decision to attend USP since day 1, I can honestly say that without him, I would have never had the courage to leave my country for so long and come to Brazil. Dr. Carrilho made me feel a sense of comfort and with him by my side I rarely dealt with the difficult transitions that sometimes arise with moving to another country. Everything I learned about myself or through the academic education I attained can be partly due to him because none of it would have happened without him and I am not sure he realizes how much of a positive impact his support had on me. Lastly, I want to thank Embrapa and my supervisor Dr. Débora Milori for the opportunity in letting me do my research project at the institution in São Carlos, São Paulo (Embrapa Instrumentaçao). While at Embrapa I was able to academically evolve and attain a great amount of knowledge. I was fortunate to be part of a large research group that mainly consisted of people who were higher than me in academic level, which allowed me to learn from them and their academic experiences.

show abstract

Physics of Plasma in Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Cited by 22 publications

References 95 publications

Detecting sulfur on the Moon: The potential of vacuum ultraviolet laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Detecting sulfur on the Moon: The potential of vacuum ultraviolet laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Stoichiometric transfer by infrared pulsed laser deposition of y-doped Bi–Sr–Ca–Cu–O investigated using time-resolved optical emission spectroscopy

Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) applied to the quantification of elements in fertilizers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About