Physics and mathematics of magnetic resonance imaging for nanomedicine: An overview

We have obtained from the Bloch nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) equations the correct dependence of the single component My and Mz at resonance (NMR/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) on relaxation times, rf B1 field (pulsed or continuous), blood(nuclear spin) flow velocity, etc., in the rotating frame of reference. We find that the new formulation for the first time uniquely describes the true relationship between individual single component My or Mz of magnetization of flowing nuclear spin with the above quantities (excluding diffusion and gradient fields) during NMR/MRI excitation. The equations are applicable for both continuous wave (CW) and pulsed NMR experiments with or without flow of spins. Our approaches can be extended easily to include gradient fields and diffusion of spins, if needed in NMR/MRI experiments. We also discuss the application of our equations to a specific case of magnetic resonance (MR) excitation scheme: Free induction decay. The new equations and further equations that can be derived with the methodologies used here can advance the techniques of noninvasive blood flow estimation by MR and also accurate extraction of parameters of clinical importance by enabling accurate simulation of the MR images (of blood flow and tissue) and comparison with experimental MR images. The detailed simulations from the equations will be published in the next paper.

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Evaluation of MRI Orthogonal Planes in Differential Diagnosis of Non-Tumour Brain Lesions

Smitha¹,

Devi²,

Sreekanth³

et al. 2021

jemds

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BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides structural characterization of brain lesions, by measuring volume of axial, sagittal and coronal planes through two dimensional slices. The purpose of this study was to characterize and identify the orthogonal imaging planes to detect non tumour lesions of brain through MRI. METHODS This study included 81 patients, both males and females, suspected of brain lesions and underwent MRI for diagnosis. The variations in the volume of the anatomical structures were measured and compared the planes as axial and sagittal, axial and coronal and coronal and sagittal for non-tumour brain lesions. RESULTS The present study revealed the differences in the measurement of volume in nontumour lesions (N = 81) in axial, sagittal and coronal planes. It was found that the volume of axial planes (9.2) is more dominant than the sagittal (9.1) and coronal planes (8.8) in non-tumour lesions. Statistical analysis was done by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 16 software). Two way/Friedman test were used for comparing the three groups. CONCLUSIONS This study concluded that, in most of the brain lesions irrespective of the type of tumours, axial planes helps more in the detection of tumour volume as compared to sagittal and coronal planes for precise diagnosis of brain lesions. KEY WORDS Axial Plane; Coronal Plane; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Non-Tumour Brain Lesions; Sagittal Plane.

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Physics and mathematics of magnetic resonance imaging for nanomedicine: An overview

Cited by 3 publications

References 17 publications

Texture Analysis of T1-weighted and STIR Magnetic Resonance Images For Lewis Lung Carcinoma Nanotheranostics

Texture Analysis of T1-weighted and STIR Magnetic Resonance Images For Lewis Lung Carcinoma Nanotheranostics

New Formulation of Magnetization Equation for Flowing Nuclear Spin Under Nuclear Magnetic Resonance/Magnetic Resonance Imaging Excitation

Evaluation of MRI Orthogonal Planes in Differential Diagnosis of Non-Tumour Brain Lesions

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