Physics and engineering of singlet delta oxygen production in low-temperature plasma

Abstract

An overview is presented of experimental and theoretical research in the field of physics and engineering of singlet delta oxygen (SDO) production in low-temperature plasma of various electric discharges. Attention is paid mainly to the SDO production with SDO yield adequate for the development of an electric discharge oxygen–iodine laser (DOIL). The review comprises a historical sketch describing the main experimental results on SDO physics in low-temperature plasma obtained since the first detection of SDO in electric discharge in the 1950s and the first attempt to launch a DOIL in the 1970s up to the mid-1980s when several research groups started their activity aimed at DOIL development, stimulated by success in the development of a chemical oxygen–iodine laser (COIL). A detailed analysis of theoretical and experimental research on SDO production in electric discharge from the mid-1980s to the present, when the first DOIL has been launched, is given. Different kinetic models of oxygen low-temperature plasma are compared with the model developed by the authors. The latter comprises electron kinetics based on the accompanying solution of the electron Boltzmann equation, plasma chemistry including reactions of excited molecules and numerous ion–molecular reactions, thermal energy balance and electric circuit equation. The experimental part of the overview is focused on the experimental methods of SDO detection including experiments on the measurements of the Einstein coefficient for SDO transition and experimental procedures of SDO production in self-sustained and non-self-sustained discharges and analysis of different plasma-chemical processes occurring in oxygen low-temperature plasma which brings limitation to the maximum SDO yield and to the lifetime of the SDO in an electric discharge and its afterglow. Quite recently obtained results on gain and output characteristics of DOIL and some projects aimed at the development of high-power DOIL are discussed.

On electric field measurements in surface dielectric barrier discharge

“…For electron collisions with O 2 and N 2 , we used the self-consistent sets of cross sections available in the literature, which allow good agreement between calculations and measurements of transport and rate coefficients in pure gases ( [19,20] for O 2 and [21] for N 2 ). Emission cross-sections for appropriate transitions of the 2 + and the 1 − systems were taken from [22] and [23], respectively.…”

Simulation of Direct-Current Surface Plasma Discharges in Air for Supersonic Flow Control

“…Reaction G 21 accounts for the loss of electron energy to produce O 2 excited states O 2 (rotational), O 2 (vsum) [63],…”

“…, and O 2 (4.5), with cross section data from [64,63]. The integral cross section data is listed in Appendix B.…”

Plasma-Assisted Ignition and Combustion

“…Figure 16 shows self-consistent sets of electron cross-sections for CH 4 , O 2 and Ar; electron transport and rate coefficients calculated using these data agree well in the pure gases with available measurements. [Hayashi, 1987], (b) O 2 [Ionin et al, 2007], and (c) Ar [Tachibana, 1989] as a function of electron energy. CH 4 : (1) momentum transfer in elastic collisions, (2)-(3) vibrational excitation, (4) electronic excitation, and (5) ionization.…”