Physics and Current Understanding of X-Ray Storage Phosphors

Schweizer, Stefan

doi:10.1002/1521-396x(200110)187:2<335::aid-pssa335>3.0.co;2-q

Cited by 159 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…In this paper we present the scintillation properties of BaBrI:Eu 2+ . Barium mixed halides activated by Eu 2+ have been extensively studied as X-ray phosphors [2][3][4] but have not been investigated as scintillators.…”

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confidence: 99%

BaBrI:Eu2+, a new bright scintillator

Bourret-Courchesne

Bizarri

Hanrahan

et al. 2010

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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The scintillation properties of BaBrI:Eu 2+ are reported. Crystals were produced by the vertical Bridgman technique in a sealed quartz ampoule. Excellent scintillation properties were measured. A light yield of 81,000 ± 3,000 photons per MeV (ph/MeV) of absorbed gamma-ray energy was measured. An energy resolution (FWHM over peak position) of 4.8 ± 0.5% was observed for the 662 keV full absorption peak. Pulsed x-ray luminescence measurements show two exponential decay components of 297 and 482 ns with a contribution to the total light output of 23 and 77%, respectively. Under X-ray and UV excitation, the emission corresponds to a broadband center at 413 nm. These intitial values make BaBrI:Eu 2+ one of the brightest and the fastest known Eu 2+ doped scintillators.Introduction Very few known scintillators have a good energy resolutions, which is essential for spectroscopic applications such as isotopic identification of nuclear materials. High luminosity and relatively high speed (less than 1 µs) are also highly desirable for these applications. Only 18 compounds are reported with an energy resolution of less than 6% [1]. Among those, only SrI 2 is activated by Eu 2+ . While activation with Eu 2+ yields scintillation light that is slower than that produced from Ce 3+ activation, it is still fast enough for many applications such as those related to national security. In this paper we present the scintillation properties of BaBrI:Eu 2+ . Barium mixed halides activated by Eu 2+ have been extensively studied as X-ray phosphors [2-4] but have not been investigated as scintillators.

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confidence: 99%

BaBrI:Eu2+, a new bright scintillator

Bourret-Courchesne

Bizarri

Hanrahan

et al. 2010

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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“…The photostimulable phosphor generally is barium fluorohalide activated with divalent europium ions (BaFX:Eu 2+ , where X consists of Br and/or I, with modern IPs usually having a composition of BaFBr 0.85 I 0.15 :Eu 2+ ). A thorough disquisition on imaging plates and photostimulable phosphors is given in Rowlands (2002), Salis (2003), Schweizer (2001) and Spaeth (2001).…”

Section: The Image Sensormentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential of Autoradiography to Detect Spatially Resolved Radiation Patterns in the Context of Trapped Charge Dating

Rufer

Preusser

2009

Geochronometria

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Recent developments in optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating allow the determination of signals in increasingly smaller sample amounts. This has led to microdosimetry having a larger impact on equivalent dose (D E ) distributions and therefore, detection and assessment of spatial distribution of radionuclides has become more important. This study demonstrates the application of autoradiography using imaging plates to determine spatially resolved radiation inhomogeneities in different types of samples. Qualitative evaluations of radiation inhomogeneity are carried out on unconsolidated sediments as well as on hard rock samples. While indicating some limitations of applicability, the results demonstrate that the method is an efficient tool to detect and document spatial variations in a sample's radiation field. It therefore provides a possibility to rapidly screen samples to check whether microdosimetry might affect the D E data. Furthermore, an approach to calibrate autoradiographic images for quantitative use is suggested. Using pressed powder pellets of reference materials, a series of calibration images were exposed, from which a functional relation between specific sample activity and greyscale value in the autoradiographic image has been deduced. Testing the calibration on a set of 16 geological samples, of which their radionuclide content is known, shows a good correlation between specific activities calculated from the nuclide content and specific activities deduced from the autoradiographic images. These findings illustrate the potential of autoradiography with imaging plates to detect spatial distributions of radionuclides and to tackle certain aspects of the problem of microdosimetry in modern trapped charge dating.

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“…Bruker SMART 1000 CCD diffractometer Absorption correction: multi-scan (Blessing, 1995 Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2008); cell refinement: SAINT (Bruker, 2008) Barium mixed halides activated by Eu 2+ have been extensively studied as X-ray phosphors (Schweizer, 2001;Crawford & Brixner, 1991) and scintillators for the detection of γ-rays (Selling et al, 2007). The F-based compounds of the form BaFX (X= Cl, Br, I) have a tetragonal, matlockite structure similar to PbFCl (Liebich & Nicollin, 1977).…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Europium-doped barium bromide iodide

et al. 2009

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Key indicators: single-crystal X-ray study; T = 153 K; mean (Ba-Br) = 0.0014 Å; disorder in main residue; R factor = 0.015; wR factor = 0.033; data-to-parameter ratio = 20.5.Single crystals of Ba 0.96 Eu 0.04 BrI (barium europium bromide iodide) were grown by the Bridgman technique. The title compound adopts the ordered PbCl 2 structure [Braekken (1932). Z. Kristallogr. 83, 222-282]. All atoms occupy the fourfold special positions (4c, site symmetry m) of the space group Pnma with a statistical distribution of Ba and Eu. They lie on the mirror planes, perpendicular to the b axis at y = AE0.25. Each cation is coordinated by nine anions in a tricapped trigonal prismatic arrangement.

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Physics and Current Understanding of X-Ray Storage Phosphors

Cited by 159 publications

References 94 publications

BaBrI:Eu2+, a new bright scintillator

BaBrI:Eu2+, a new bright scintillator

Potential of Autoradiography to Detect Spatially Resolved Radiation Patterns in the Context of Trapped Charge Dating

Europium-doped barium bromide iodide

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