Physics and chemistry of beryllium

Stonehouse, A.J.

doi:10.1116/1.573431

Cited by 44 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Due to the lack of sulfide minerals to generate acid and the abundance of limestone at Spor Mountain, low pH conditions are unlikely associated with the deposit. However, the Be extraction process from bertrandite ores involves acid leaching at high temperature using sulfuric acid (Stonehouse, 1986). Thus, such ore-processing practices could potentially lead to Be discharge to surface water and groundwater in the vicinity of the ore-processing facility.…”

Section: Weathering Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence model for volcanogenic beryllium deposits

Foley¹,

Hofstra²,

Lindsey³

et al. 2012

Scientific Investigations Report

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COVER.Sample of large layered nodule from the Roadside pit showing fluorite, opal, and bertrandite mineralization. The nodule has an interior of fine-grained quartz, fluorite, and opal, an intermediate zone of black chalcedonic quartz, and an outer zone of white opal with minor fluorite. Beryllium is concentrated in the outer opal-fluorite zone; such samples can contain as much as 1-percent beryllium as bertrandite. Size of the sample is 16×12 centimeters (photograph by David A. Lindsey, Emeritus, U.S. Geological Survey). Occurrence Model for Volcanogenic Beryllium DepositsBy Nora K. Foley, Albert H. Hofstra, David A. Lindsey, Robert R. Seal, II, Brian Jaskula, and Nadine M. Piatak Chapter For more information on the USGS-the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1-888-ASK-USGS.For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/ pubprodTo order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items must be secured from the copyright owner. AbstractCurrent global and domestic mineral resources of beryllium (Be) for industrial uses are dominated by ores produced from deposits of the volcanogenic Be type. Beryllium deposits of this type can form where hydrothermal fluids interact with fluorine and lithophile-element (uranium, thorium, rubidium, lithium, beryllium, cesium, tantalum, rare earth elements, and tin) enriched volcanic rocks that contain a highly reactive lithic component, such as carbonate clasts. Volcanic and hypabyssal high-silica biotite-bearing topaz rhyolite constitutes the most well-recognized igneous suite associated with such Be deposits. The exemplar setting is an extensional tectonic environment, such as that characterized by the Basin and Range Province, where younger topaz-bearing igneous rock sequences overlie older dolomite, quartzite, shale, and limestone sequences. Mined deposits and related mineralized rocks at Spor Mountain, Utah, make up a unique economic deposit of volcanogenic Be having extensive production and proven and probable reserves. Proven reserves in Utah, as reported by the U.S. Geological Survey National Mineral Information Center, total about 15,900 tons of Be that are present in the mineral bertrandite (Be 4 Si 2 O 7 (OH) 2 ). At the type locality for volcanogenic Be, Spor Mountain, the tuffaceous breccias and stratified tuffs that host the Be ore formed as a result of explosive volcanism that brought carbonate and other lithic fragments to the surface through vent structures that cut the underlying dolomitic Paleozoic sedimentary rock sequences. The tuffaceous sediments ...

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Section: Weathering Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence model for volcanogenic beryllium deposits

Foley¹,

Hofstra²,

Lindsey³

et al. 2012

Scientific Investigations Report

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“…Therefore, beryllium can provide a high performance-breeding blanket for fusion systems. 5 The absorption cross section for thermal neutrons is 0.008 barns d ; the scattering cross section for fast neutrons is 6 barns. 28 The resonance integral e is 0.004 barns.…”

Section: Ii-4-nuclear Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the fluence increases, the temperature required to produce complete annealing appears to increase and the temperature to produce 1% swelling decreases. 5 .…”

Section: Ii-4-nuclear Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Atomic, Crystal, Elastic, Thermal, Nuclear, and Other Properties of Beryllium

Goldberg¹

2006

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“…As a result of its low density, high melting point, nuclear properties, and stability, beryllium is used in aerospace, ceramics, electronics, nuclear energy and defense, metal recycling industries, dentistry, and even sporting goods [1]. Up to temperatures of 1534 K and pressures of 12 GPa, beryllium crystal is hexagonal closed packed (HCP) [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water adsorption and dissociation on BeO(001) and (100) surfaces

et al. 2007

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Plateaus in water adsorption isotherms on hydroxylated BeO surfaces suggest significant differences between the hydroxylated (100) and (001) surface structures and reactivities. Density functional theory structures and energies clarify these differences. Using relaxed surface energies, a Wulff construction yields a prism crystal shape exposing long (100) sides and much smaller (001) faces. This is consistent with the BeO prisms observed when beryllium metal is oxidized. A water oxygen atom binds to a single surface beryllium ion in the preferred adsorption geometry on either surface. The water oxygen/beryllium bonding is stronger on the surface with greater beryllium atom exposure, namely the less-stable (001) surface. Water/beryllium coordination facilitates water dissociation. On the (001) surface, the dissociation products are a hydroxide bridging two beryllium ions and a metal coordinated hydride with some surface charge depletion. On the (100) surface, water dissociates into a hydroxide ligating a Be atom and a proton coordinated to a surface oxygen but the lowest energy water state on the (100) surface is the undissociated metal-coordinated water. The (100) fully hydroxylated surface structure has a hydrogen bonding network which facilitates rapid proton shuffling within the network. The corresponding (001) hydroxylated surface is fairly open and lacks internal hydrogen bonding. This supports previous experimental interpretations of the step in water adsorption isotherms. Further, when the (100) surface is heated to 1000 K, hydroxides and protons associate and water desorbs. The more open (001)

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Physics and chemistry of beryllium

Cited by 44 publications

References 0 publications

Occurrence model for volcanogenic beryllium deposits

Occurrence model for volcanogenic beryllium deposits

Atomic, Crystal, Elastic, Thermal, Nuclear, and Other Properties of Beryllium

Water adsorption and dissociation on BeO(001) and (100) surfaces

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