Physicochemical Transformation Effect on the Relaxivity Enhancement of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Nuclear Medicine and MRI Imaging

Abstract

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (IONPs), one of the contrast agents for MRI scanners, will be designed to have high relaxivity since they have distinct physical properties attributed to the quantum size effect. There are several techniques for synthesizing IONPs also for Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and Ultrasmall Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (USPIONs) by using some physicochemical transformation effects which can affect relatxivity time by controlling the size and surface which is used respectively as a T 2 contrast agent and T 1 or T 2 contrast agent. Biomedical imaging like computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), and single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT). Magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) and maghemite (γ-Fe 2 O 3 ) are both single crystalline structures. Nanoparticles that are non-spherical such as octopus's cubes and rods have more than their spherical counterparts. Size and shape must be controlled because they determine the phase, crystallization, size, and magnetism of the contrast agent of MR-CT are called GION gold oxide particles as a dual contrast. It can be provided from uneven structural nanocomposites of radiolabeled and MNP-labeled essential materials, while the intensity of contrast in the tumor area increases over time, indicating that FAuNC@Fe 3 O 4 is highly absorbed in the tumor. Radioactive elements that bind to IONP can be used in multimodal imaging and radiotherapy. The 99m Tc -labeled NOTA-IONPs were fabricated as shell microbeads and DTPA-IONPs to observe the clearance and distribution of nanoparticles in vivo (Figure 1).