Physicochemical Signatures of Natural Sea Films from Middle Adriatic Stations

Frka, Sanja; Pogorzelski, S.; Kozarac, Zlatica; Ćosović, Božena

doi:10.1021/jp212430a

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…It could be learned from monolayer studies and a force-area quantification approach applied for physicochemical characterization of surface-active substances of the sea surface microlayer from Middle Adriatic stations (Frka et al 2012 ). Higher primary production during late spring-early autumn was reflected in the appearance of films of higher surface activity containing compounds of lower molecular masses ( M w = 0.65 ± 0.27 kDa) and higher miscibility ( y = 6.46 ± 1.33), and elasticity modulus ( E isoth = 18.35 ± 2.02 mN m −1 ) in comparison to structural parameters ( M w = 2.15 ± 1.58 kDa; y = 3.51 ± 1.41; E isoth = 6.41 ± 1.97 mN m −1 ) obtained for samples collected in a period of lower biological production (Frka et al 2012 ). Force-area studies performed on chlorophyll-a surfactants at the air-water interface revealed the following values of y = 5.3–8.2, A lim = 59–67 Ǻ 2 molec −1 , E isoth = 69–95 mN m −1 and exhibited 2D solid-like behavior (Periasamy 2012 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of natural sea surface films: a new quantification formalism based on multidimensional space vector

Boniewicz-Szmyt

Pogorzelski

2017

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Spatial and temporal variability of natural surfactant sea surface film structural parameters were evaluated from force-area isotherms, film pressure-temperature isochors, dynamic surface tension-time relations performed on samples collected in Baltic Sea shallow coastal waters. The film structure state was postulated as a 10-D dimensionless vector created from the normalized thermodynamic, adsorptive, and viscoelastic film parameters. The normalization procedure is based on the concept of self-corresponding states known in thermodynamics. The values taken by all the reduced parameters indicated a significant deviation from the reference ideal-2D gas behavior. The exhibited deviations of the surface parameters from the background values of the same thermodynamic state of each film were independent on the film-collecting procedure, sample solvent treatment, and temperature. The structural similarity was expressed quantitatively as a (Cartesian, street, and Czebyszew) distance between two vectors of the analyzed film and the standard one from the database, and appeared to be related to environmental conditions, surface-active organic matter production, and migration in the studied coastal sea region. The most distinctive parameters differing the films were y, M w and E isoth, as established from Czebyszew function application. The proposed formalism is of universal concern and could be applied to any natural water surfactant system (seawater, inland water, rain water, and snowmelt water).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of natural sea surface films: a new quantification formalism based on multidimensional space vector

Boniewicz-Szmyt

Pogorzelski

2017

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…The issue is further compounded by a high degree of spatial and temporal variability in total surfactant amount and in the chemical composition of the surfactant pool, both in the short-term and seasonally (Gašparović et al, 2011;Schmidt and Schneider, 2011;Wurl et al, 2011;Laß et al, 2013;Schneider-Zapp et al, 2014;Pereira et al, 2016). Compounds that contribute little to organic matter by mass, such as lipids, may have a strong influence on the physicochemical, and structural properties of the SML (Frka et al, 2012). Compositional variations in SML biosurfactants deriving from organic matter dynamics in natural waters and their specific impact on k w still needs to be assessed (Pogorzelski et al, 2006).…”

Section: Do We Need To Better Resolve the Air-sea Interface To Enablementioning

confidence: 99%

The Ocean's Vital Skin: Toward an Integrated Understanding of the Sea Surface Microlayer

Engel¹,

Bange²,

Cunliffe³

et al. 2017

Front. Mar. Sci.

154

155

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Despite the huge extent of the ocean's surface, until now relatively little attention has been paid to the sea surface microlayer (SML) as the ultimate interface where heat, momentum and mass exchange between the ocean and the atmosphere takes place. Via the SML, large-scale environmental changes in the ocean such as warming, acidification, deoxygenation, and eutrophication potentially influence cloud formation, precipitation, and the global radiation balance. Due to the deep connectivity between biological, chemical, and physical processes, studies of the SML may reveal multiple sensitivities to global and regional changes. Understanding the processes at the ocean's surface, in particular involving the SML as an important and determinant interface, could therefore provide an essential contribution to the reduction of uncertainties regarding ocean-climate feedbacks. This review identifies gaps in our current knowledge of the SML and highlights a need to develop a holistic and mechanistic understanding of the diverse biological, chemical, and physical processes occurring at the ocean-atmosphere interface. We advocate the development of strong interdisciplinary expertise and collaboration in order to bridge between ocean and atmospheric sciences. Although this will pose significant methodological challenges, such an initiative would represent a new role model for interdisciplinary research in Earth System sciences.

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“…The ocean covers around 71 % of the Earth's surface and acts as a source and sink for atmospheric gases and particles. However, the complex interactions between the marine boundary layer (MBL) and the ocean surface are still largely unexplored (Cochran et al, 2017;de Leeuw et al, 2011;Gantt and Meskhidze, 2013;Law et al, 2013). In particular, the role of marine organic matter (OM) with its sources and contribution to marine aerosol particles is still elusive.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine organic matter in the remote environment of the Cape Verde islands – an introduction and overview to the MarParCloud campaign

et al. 2020

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Abstract. The project MarParCloud (Marine biological production, organic aerosol Particles and marine Clouds: a process chain) aims to improve our understanding of the genesis, modification and impact of marine organic matter (OM) from its biological production, to its export to marine aerosol particles and, finally, to its ability to act as ice-nucleating particles (INPs) and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). A field campaign at the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory (CVAO) in the tropics in September–October 2017 formed the core of this project that was jointly performed with the project MARSU (MARine atmospheric Science Unravelled). A suite of chemical, physical, biological and meteorological techniques was applied, and comprehensive measurements of bulk water, the sea surface microlayer (SML), cloud water and ambient aerosol particles collected at a ground-based and a mountain station took place. Key variables comprised the chemical characterization of the atmospherically relevant OM components in the ocean and the atmosphere as well as measurements of INPs and CCN. Moreover, bacterial cell counts, mercury species and trace gases were analyzed. To interpret the results, the measurements were accompanied by various auxiliary parameters such as air mass back-trajectory analysis, vertical atmospheric profile analysis, cloud observations and pigment measurements in seawater. Additional modeling studies supported the experimental analysis. During the campaign, the CVAO exhibited marine air masses with low and partly moderate dust influences. The marine boundary layer was well mixed as indicated by an almost uniform particle number size distribution within the boundary layer. Lipid biomarkers were present in the aerosol particles in typical concentrations of marine background conditions. Accumulation- and coarse-mode particles served as CCN and were efficiently transferred to the cloud water. The ascent of ocean-derived compounds, such as sea salt and sugar-like compounds, to the cloud level, as derived from chemical analysis and atmospheric transfer modeling results, denotes an influence of marine emissions on cloud formation. Organic nitrogen compounds (free amino acids) were enriched by several orders of magnitude in submicron aerosol particles and in cloud water compared to seawater. However, INP measurements also indicated a significant contribution of other non-marine sources to the local INP concentration, as (biologically active) INPs were mainly present in supermicron aerosol particles that are not suggested to undergo strong enrichment during ocean–atmosphere transfer. In addition, the number of CCN at the supersaturation of 0.30 % was about 2.5 times higher during dust periods compared to marine periods. Lipids, sugar-like compounds, UV-absorbing (UV: ultraviolet) humic-like substances and low-molecular-weight neutral components were important organic compounds in the seawater, and highly surface-active lipids were enriched within the SML. The selective enrichment of specific organic compounds in the SML needs to be studied in further detail and implemented in an OM source function for emission modeling to better understand transfer patterns, the mechanisms of marine OM transformation in the atmosphere and the role of additional sources. In summary, when looking at particulate mass, we see oceanic compounds transferred to the atmospheric aerosol and to the cloud level, while from a perspective of particle number concentrations, sea spray aerosol (i.e., primary marine aerosol) contributions to both CCN and INPs are rather limited.

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Physicochemical Signatures of Natural Sea Films from Middle Adriatic Stations

Cited by 18 publications

References 49 publications

Evolution of natural sea surface films: a new quantification formalism based on multidimensional space vector

Evolution of natural sea surface films: a new quantification formalism based on multidimensional space vector

The Ocean's Vital Skin: Toward an Integrated Understanding of the Sea Surface Microlayer

Marine organic matter in the remote environment of the Cape Verde islands – an introduction and overview to the MarParCloud campaign

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