Physicochemical property, antioxidant activity, and cytoprotective effect of the germinated soybean proteins

Abstract

Appropriate germination can improve the nutritional value and bioactivity of soybeans; however, few studies have assessed the effect of germination on soybean proteins. This study examined the physicochemical property, antioxidation, and cytoprotective effect of the germinated soybean proteins (Gsp). Gsp was extracted from soybeans which germinated for 0–3 days using the method of alkali‐solution and acid‐isolation extraction. The results showed that germination could digest soybean proteins into the smaller molecules; enhance the degree of hydrolysis, emulsifiability, and foaming capacity; increase the removal rate of ABTS, DPPH, O2−˙, and ˙OH radical; and decrease the reducing power and lipid peroxidation of Gsp. Additionally, Gsp was able to protect HL‐7702 human hepatocyte cells against benzo(a)pyrene (BaP)‐induced cytotoxicity through mediating the cell cycle arrest, suppressing apoptosis, and increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. This work demonstrated that germination could enhance the physicochemical property and antioxidant activity of Gsp, which also displayed the remarkable cytoprotective effect. This study provided a fundamental basis for substantiating dietary of Gsp used for resistance to oxidation and hepatic injury.

Physicochemical properties of soy protein hydrolysate and its formulation and stability with encapsulated probiotic under in vitro gastrointestinal environment

“… where α and β values prescribed for soy protein are standards of 0.342 and 0.97, respectively, and h is the number of hydrolyzed bonds (Nielsen et al., 2001). where h tot for soy protein is 7.8, which is the total number of peptide bonds per protein equivalent (Gao et al., 2019).…”

Health Benefits of Antioxidative Peptides Derived from Legume Proteins with a High Amino Acid Score

“…The nature of the process has a significant impact on the biofunctionality of peptides; therefore, proper selection of a method for the generation of active amino acids based on size, charge, and hydrophobicity is vital [ 6 ]. Various methods such as enzymatic hydrolysis [ 39 , 40 ], gastrointestinal digestion [ 39 ], microbial fermentation [ 6 , 12 , 39 , 41 , 42 ], germination [ 13 , 18 , 43 , 44 ], chemical modification [ 15 , 17 ], and membrane filtration [ 37 , 45 , 46 , 47 ] are employed to produce soy peptides or their mixtures. These methods help to produce enormous amounts of small peptides with antioxidant properties from soy protein [ 11 , 40 ].…”

“…An imbalance between ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and the antioxidant defense mechanism [ 6 ] can lead to the development and progression of many diseases [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. The antioxidant defense mechanism is determined by the hydrogen-donating, electron-donating, metal-ion-chelating, and radical-scavenging abilities of the resultant peptides [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ]. In addition to their nutritional benefits, legume-derived hydrolysates and peptides can exhibit various biofunctions such as antioxidant, hypolipidemic, antihypertensive, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”

Analysis of antioxidant effect of two tripeptides isolated from fermented grains (Jiupei) and the antioxidative interaction with 4‐methylguaiacol, 4‐ethylguaiacol, and vanillin

“…Nowadays, a variety of antioxidant peptides have been identified from meat muscles, animals, vegetables, fruits, plant protein, and other foods (Gao et al, 2019;Wu et al, 2018;Yuan et al, 2018;Zhang & Mu, 2017;Zhang, Gao, et al, 2018;Zhao, Luo, et al, 2018;Zhu, Zhang, Zhou, & Xu, 2016). Peptide GWWW isolated from myoglobin showed a strong antioxidant activity against peroxyl radicals, and they suggested that amino acid side chains can be a base to design peptides with activities against some special target ROS and RNS (Karadag, Ozcelik, & Saner, 2009).…”