“…Furthermore, some optics and imaging technologies, such as optical microscope, transmission electron microscope, atomic force microscope, and confocal scanning laser microscope, could use to observe the microscopic morphology of droplets and calculate the droplets size by the corresponding ruler (Ai et al, 2019; Ho et al, 2022; Li et al, 2019). Notably, microscopic morphology is an important evidence to distinguish the coalescence, aggregation, and flocculation of emulsion droplets, thereby studying the emulsifying stability of polysaccharides (Ai, Meng, et al, 2022; Ai, Zhao, et al, 2022).…”