Physicochemical properties of green solvents derived from biomass

Lomba, Laura; Giner, Beatriz; Bandrés, Isabel; Lafuente, Carlos; Pino, M. Rosa

doi:10.1039/c0gc00853b

Cited by 149 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Its energy density is 24.6 MJ/L, which is slightly higher than that of ethanol (23.5 MJ/L), but lower than gasoline (31.2 MJ/L) and diesel (33.6 MJ/L) [10,12]. Furthermore, alkyl levulinates found applications as flavoring agents [13], solvents [14], as well as in the area of organic chemistry for the synthesis of c-valerolactone [15,16], liquid hydrocarbon transportation fuels [17] and other industrial chemicals [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Catalytic upgrading of renewable furfuryl alcohol to alkyl levulinates using AlCl3 as a facile, efficient, and reusable catalyst

Peng

Gao

Chen

2015

Fuel

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Catalytic upgrading of renewable furfuryl alcohol to alkyl levulinates using AlCl3 as a facile, efficient, and reusable catalyst

Peng

Gao

Chen

2015

Fuel

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“…In a previous paper (Lomba et al 2013;Lomba et al 2011) values of the logarithm of 1-octanol/water partition coefficient, log P, were computed in silico using the ALOGP method (Ghose and Crippen 1986;Ghose et al 1988;Viswanadhan et al 1989) with values of -0.14 for LA, -0.17 for ML, 0.38 for EL and 1.36 for BL. We have compared the computed log P values to those predicted with the KowWin method (available on http://esc.syrres.com/esc/est_kowdemo.htm) (Meylan and Howard 1995).…”

Section: Physico-chemical Properties Of Levulinates Related To Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although 4 some data exist regarding their molecular behavior (Guerrero et al 2011;Lomba et al 2013;Lomba et al 2011), information regarding their toxicity and ecotoxicity is scarce.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecotoxicity studies of the levulinate ester series

et al. 2014

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Abstract:The increasing interest in the development of novel green solvents has led to the synthesis of benign alternative products with minimized environmental impacts.However, most of published studies on green solvents focus primarily on their physicochemical properties, with limited emphasis on absence of ecotoxicological assessment. In this study, we evaluated the acute ecotoxicity of four levulinates (levulinic acid, methyl levulinate, ethyl levulinate and butyl levulinate) on freshwater algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii), bacteria (Vibrio fischeri), daphnids (Daphnia magna) and earthworms (Eisenia foetida) using various dose-response tests. As a general trend, the toxicity of levulinate esters in aquatic exposure (assessed as the EC 50 ) increased as a function of increasing alkyl chain length; accordingly, the most toxic compound for the aquatic organisms was butyl levulinate, followed by ethyl levulinate and methyl levulinate. The most toxic compound for Eisenia foetida (terrestrial exposure) was methyl levulinate, followed by ethyl levulinate, butyl levulinate and levulinic acid; in this case, we observed an inverse relationship between toxicity and alkyl chain length. Based on both the lowest EC 50 found in the aquatic media and the ratio between predicted environmental concentration (PEC) and the predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC), we have estimated the maximum allowable values in the 2 environment for these chemicals to be 1.093 mg L -1 for levulinic acid, 2.761 mg L -1 for methyl levulinate, 0.982 mg L -1 for ethyl levulinate and 0.151 mg L -1 for butyl levulinate.

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“…FA, industrially produced via hydrogenation of Fur, is used in the foundry 3 industry [5], and FEs are used as blending components of gasoline [6,7] and as flavour compounds [8,9]. LEs are used as oxygenate fuel additives [10][11][12], solvents, and to produce plasticizers and flavouring agents [13][14]. LA is used in the production of fuel additives [15][16][17][18][19][20][21], agrochemicals (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-pot conversion of furfural to useful bio-products in the presence of a Sn,Al-containing zeolite beta catalyst prepared via post-synthesis routes

Antunes

Lima

Neves

et al. 2015

Journal of Catalysis

133

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Aiming at the valorisation of furfural (Fur) via sustainable routes based on process intensification and heterogeneous catalysis, the one-pot conversion of this renewable platform chemical to useful bio-products, namely furfuryl alkyl ethers (FEs), levulinate esters (LEs), levulinic acid (LA), angelica lactones (AnLs) and -valerolactone (GVL), was investigated using a single heterogeneous catalyst, in 2-butanol, at 120 ºC. Various chemical 2 reactions are involved in this process, which requires catalysts with active sites for acid and reduction chemistry. For this purpose, it was explored for the first time the catalytic potentialities of modified versions of zeolite beta containing Al and Sn sites prepared from commercially available nanocrystaline zeolite beta via post-synthesis partial dealumination followed by solid-state ion-exchange. The post-synthesis conditions influenced considerably the catalytic performances of these types of materials. The best-performing catalyst was (Sn) SSIE -beta1 with Si/(Al+Sn)=19 (Sn/Al=27.6), which led to total yield of bio-products of 83% at 86% Fur conversion, and exhibited steady catalytic performance for six consecutive runs. A systematic catalytic study using the prepared catalysts with different bio-products as substrates, together with the molecular level and microstructural characterisation of the materials, helped understand the effects of different material properties on the specific reaction pathways in the overall system. These studies led to mechanistic insights into the reaction network of Fur to the bio-products in alcohol media, upon which a kinetic model was developed for the first time. The superior performance of (Sn) SSIE -beta1 in various steps was related to the dealumination degree, dispersion and amount of Sn-sites, and acid properties.

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Physicochemical properties of green solvents derived from biomass

Cited by 149 publications

References 30 publications

Catalytic upgrading of renewable furfuryl alcohol to alkyl levulinates using AlCl3 as a facile, efficient, and reusable catalyst

Catalytic upgrading of renewable furfuryl alcohol to alkyl levulinates using AlCl3 as a facile, efficient, and reusable catalyst

Ecotoxicity studies of the levulinate ester series

One-pot conversion of furfural to useful bio-products in the presence of a Sn,Al-containing zeolite beta catalyst prepared via post-synthesis routes

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