Physicochemical Properties, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Ethiopian Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Leaf and Flower Oil Extracts

Abstract

Background: The occurrence of multidrug resistant pathogenic microbes has initiated the development of natural antimicrobial agents from plants. Oils from herbal sources have drawn scientific interest due to their potential source of bioactive compounds. Objective: This study was aimed to examine the physicochemical and biological activities including antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of the oil extracted from basil leaves and flowers. Methods: The physicochemical properties of the oil extracts were measured based on oil yield, specific gravity, acid value, free fatty acids and peroxide values whilst the antioxidant activities were assessed by ascorbic acid, DPPH (2, 2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), and hydrogen peroxide free radical scavenging activities. The antimicrobial experiment was conducted based on disc diffusion and broth dilution methods. Results: The result of antioxidant activity of Ocimum basilicum indicated that significantly higher DPPH (86.45%) for leaf oil extract. The strongest antibacterial activity with maximum zone of inhibition (15.47mm), minimum inhibitory concentration MIC (0.09µg/ml), and corresponding minimum bactericidal concentration MBC (0.19 µg/ml) was exhibited by the flower oil extract against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC-25923. The strongest antifungal activity with maximum zone of inhibition (15.90mm), MIC (0.125µg/ml, the least value), and minimum fungicidal concentration MFC (0.09µg/ml) were recorded for leaf oil against Candida albicans. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the present study that the sweet basil flower and leaf oil extracts can be potential antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activity.

Comparison of in vitro Killing Effect of Thai Herbal Essential Oils, Tea Tree Oil, and Metronidazole 0.75% versus Ivermectin 1% on Demodex folliculorum

“…18 Sweet basil oil has linalool and estragole (methyl chavicol) and can be a potential antioxidant, antimicrobial, acaricidal, and anthelmintic agent against ticks and helminth parasites. [19][20][21][22] Clove oil contains a main composition of phenylpropanoids such as carvacrol, thymol, eugenol, and cinnamaldehyde with antimicrobial, insect-repellent, anesthetic properties and acaricidal activity against scabies mites. 23,24 To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to assess the in vitro killing effect of lemongrass, sweet basil, and clove oil on Demodex mites.…”

Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum americanum: A Systematic Literature Review on Chemical Compositions and Antimicrobial Properties

“…Yibeltal and his coworkers 91 worked on n-hexane esterified essential oils were used to extract Ocimum basilicum , and the extracted essential oils demonstrated antimicrobial activity against all tested bacteria, including staphylococcus ATCC-25923, Escherichia coli 0157H7, and fungal species, including versicolor is, niger, and albicans in both the broth dilution method and the disc-diffusion assay. Zones of inhibition and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation recorded in the micro-dilution and disc-diffusion method was 8.00 ± 0.19 mm to 26.43 ± 2.19 mm and 3.12-100 µg/ml by Mahendran and Vimolmangkang 16,92 on the bacterial species of Bacillus subtilis , Streptococcus pyogenes , Enterococcus faecalis , Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Proteus vulgaris , Salmonella paratyphi , Aeromonas hydrophila , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Enterobacter aerogenes .…”

“…The results showed no significant differences in serum creatinine levels between the TAA and basil leaf extract-treated rats and the control rats. 90 Yibeltal and his coworkers 91 worked on n-hexane esterified essential oils were used to extract Ocimum basilicum, and the extracted essential oils demonstrated antimicrobial activity against all tested bacteria, including staphylococcus ATCC-25923, Escherichia coli 0157H7, and fungal species, including versicolor is, niger, and albicans in both the broth dilution method and the disc-diffusion assay. Zones of inhibition and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation recorded in the microdilution and disc-diffusion method was 8.00 ± 0.19 mm to 26.43 ± 2.19 mm and 3.12-100 µg/ml by Mahendran and Vimolmangkang 16,92 on the bacterial species of Bacillus subtilis, Ocimum basilicum seed essential oils indicated a sort of MIC between 1.02 and 2.03 µg/ml for all studied bacterial straining of S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa.…”

Antimicrobial and Other Pharmacological Properties of Ocimum basilicum, Lamiaceae

“…Minimal inhibitory doses of 14, 16 and 20 mg/mL of ethanol, methanol, and aqueous extracts inhibited vancomycin-resistant enterococci [ 45 ]. Moreover, the flower oil extract showed the strongest antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus , with the highest inhibition zone, of 15.47 mm, the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration MIC (0.09 μg/mL) and a correspondingly low minimum bactericidal concentration MBC (0.19 μg/mL) [ 46 ]. Ocimum basilicum extract has the ability to inhibit bacterial growth due to its rich content of phenolic compounds, such as eugenol, methyl eugenol, benzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, salicylic acid and phenol.…”