Physicochemical Properties Affect the Synthesis, Controlled Delivery, Degradation and Pharmacokinetics of Inorganic Nanoporous Materials

Abstract

Controlling size, shape and uniformity of porous constructs remains a major focus of the development of porous materials. Over the past two decades, we have seen significant developments in the fabrication of new, porous-ordered structures using a wide range of materials, resulting in properties well beyond their traditional use. Porous materials have been considered appealing, due to attractive properties such as pore size length, morphology and surface chemistry. Furthermore, their utilization within the life sciences and medicine has resulted in significant developments in pharmaceutics and medical diagnosis. This article focuses on various classes of porous materials, providing an overview of principle concepts with regard to design and fabrication, surface chemistry and loading and release kinetics. Furthermore, predictions from a multiscale mathematical model revealed the role pore length and diameter could have on payload release kinetics.

Endosomal Escape of Polymer‐Coated Silica Nanoparticles in Endothelial Cells

“…This information allowed for generating a database repository to predict nanocarrier toxicity. Synthetic nanoparticles [32][33][34][35] have demonstrated promising applications in therapeutic delivery; however, these efforts are often jeopardized due to a lack of standard procedures designed to investigate the biological impact. [36] Similarly, more recent efforts designed to take inspiration from nature to develop biomimetic delivery systems [37][38][39][40][41] have also been affected by a lack of standardized techniques.…”

Trends towards Biomimicry in Theranostics

“…Despite all the advantages first-generation nanoparticles provide [ 55 , 56 ], the many biological obstacles they are required to overcome have led to the development of several delivery vectors designed to decouple the multitude of tasks required to bypass these barriers [ 57 , 58 , 59 ]. Previously, our group introduced multistage nanovectors (MSV) [ 60 , 61 ], engineered to systemically shield, transport and reliably deliver therapeutic and imaging agents, thereby making them ideal for theranostics applications [ 62 , 63 ].…”

“…Previously, our group introduced multistage nanovectors (MSV) [ 60 , 61 ], engineered to systemically shield, transport and reliably deliver therapeutic and imaging agents, thereby making them ideal for theranostics applications [ 62 , 63 ]. Designed using porous silicon due to its biocompatibility and degradability [ 64 , 65 ], well-established fabrication techniques make it possible to uniquely control parameters such as shape, size, and porosity that can aid in the strategic negotiation of biological barriers [ 56 , 57 , 66 ]. As one example, mathematical modeling has revealed that MSV exhibit superior margination and adhesion during systemic circulation, favoring the release of a payload into the extracellular space [ 67 , 68 ].…”

The Emerging Role of Nanotechnology in Cell and Organ Transplantation

“…Other groups have explored porous materials, to encapsulate and deliver nanoparticles, which provide space to attach additional targeting moieties, enabling greater tissue penetration [26]. For example, porous silicon has been widely investigated for its biodegradability and biocompatibility [27–29].…”