Physicochemical principles of cardiovascular calcification

Bb, Tomazic

doi:10.1007/s003920170046

Cited by 43 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The respective molar ratios calculated from this formula, Ca/P = 1.57, Ca/Mg = 22.7, Ca/(Na+K) = 9.1 and Ca/C = 30.3, correspond well to the experimentally determined values. This formula is close to the formula Ca 8.66 Mg 0.22 Na 0.32 H 0.14 (PO 4 ) 5 (CO 3 ) 1.22 (OH,F,Cl) 0.80 suggested in [14]. The actual composition of the solid phase at various sites deviates from the formula given above.…”

Section: Disscusionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Study on the structure and composition of aortic valve calcific deposits. etiological aspects

Prieto¹,

Gomila²,

Söhnel³

et al. 2011

JBPC

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The structures and chemical compositions of valve calcific deposits were investigated. The deposits was chosen arbitrarily and subjected to chemical analysis, observation with scanning microscope, semi-quantitative determination of Ca, Mg, Na, K, P and C elements by energy dispersive X-ray, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy carried out. These deposits were found to have non-uniform internal structures composed of layers of a structureless aspidinic inorganic material, substantial amounts of voluminous organic material and in a few samples small spheres were also present. Two groups of deposits with distinctly different chemical compositions were identified: one group with a low Ca/P molar ratio (1.59) and the other group with a high (1.82) Ca/P molar ratio. The deposits belonging to the group with a low Ca/P molar ratio contain higher concentration of magnesium and consist of increased amount of amorphous calcium phosphate. The deposits with a high Ca/P molar ratio contain low concentration of magnesium and consist predominantly of carbonated hydroxyapatite. The inorganic material was identified as a poorly crystalline carbonate hydroxyapatite containing molecular water of the average formula Ca 9.1 Mg 0.4 (Na,K)(PO 4 ) 5.8 (CO 3 ) 0.3 (OH) 2 . The actual chemical composition of the apatitic solid phase varies not only from deposit to deposit but also within the same deposit. The non-uniform internal structure of the deposits, the occasional presence of spherical particles and the variable point composition of the individual deposits indicate that their formation did not proceed under more or less constant conditions.

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Section: Disscusionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Study on the structure and composition of aortic valve calcific deposits. etiological aspects

Prieto¹,

Gomila²,

Söhnel³

et al. 2011

JBPC

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“…To confirm these findings, the Ca/P ratio for non-buffered alginate was found to be 1.6 ± 0.4, which closely matches hydroxyapatite found in bone [36]. Non-buffered microbeads also had traces of Mg, which has been associated with facilitating the formation of calcified pathological cardiovascular deposits [37]. HEPES-buffered microbeads only had traces of calcium left, suggesting that these samples were starting to be reabsorbed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Regulating in vivo calcification of alginate microbeads

et al. 2010

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Alginate calcification has been previously reported clinically and during animal implantation; however no study has investigated the mechanism, extensively characterized the mineral, or evaluated multiple methods to regulate or eliminate mineralization. In the present study, alginate calcification was first studied in vitro: calcium-crosslinked alginate beads sequestered surrounding phosphate while forming traces of hydroxyapatite. Calcification in vivo was then examined in nude mice using alginate microbeads with and without adipose stem cells (ASCs). Variables included the delivery method, site of delivery, sex of the animal, time in vivo, crosslinking solution, and method of storage prior to delivery. Calcium-crosslinked alginate microbeads mineralized when injected subcutaneously or implanted intramuscularly after 1–6 months. More extensive analysis with histology, microCT, FTIR, XRD, and EDS showed calcium phosphate deposits throughout the microbeads with surface mineralization that closely matched hydroxyapatite found in bone. Incorporating 25 mM bisphosphonate reduced alginate calcification whereas using barium chloride eliminated mineralization. Buffering the crosslinking solution with HEPES at pH 7.3 while washing and storing samples in basal media prior to implantation also eliminated calcification in vivo. This study shows that alginate processing prior to implantation can significantly influence bulk hydroxyapatite formation and presents a method to regulate alginate calcification.

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“…While IR or Raman examination of homogenized deposits is routinely used to identify the nature of the mineral deposit present [57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64], it often happens that there is more than one phase, and investigators are interested in which came first or in what the nature of the interaction is between the matrix and the deposit. We have recently applied IR imaging to the study of juvenile dermatomyositis, a disease in children in which calcific deposits form in muscle and fat.…”

Section: Characterizing the Mineral And Matrix In Pathologic Calcificmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared spectroscopic characterization of mineralized tissues

Boskey

Mendelsohn

2005

Vibrational Spectroscopy

138

119

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Vibrational spectroscopy (Infrared and Raman), and in particular micro-spectroscopy and micro-spectroscopic imaging has been used to characterize developmental changes in bone and other mineralized tissues, to monitor these changes in cell cultures, and to detect disease and drug-induced modifications. Examples of the use of infrared micro-spectroscopy and micro-spectroscopic imaging are discussed in this review.

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Physicochemical principles of cardiovascular calcification

Cited by 43 publications

References 35 publications

Study on the structure and composition of aortic valve calcific deposits. etiological aspects

Study on the structure and composition of aortic valve calcific deposits. etiological aspects

Regulating in vivo calcification of alginate microbeads

Infrared spectroscopic characterization of mineralized tissues

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