“…13,14 However, for a stateof-the-art SP analyser, these drawbacks have been overcome. On the other hand several authors have reported SZP results for various material types ( [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] ) obtained by the EOF method (in different congurations) using mostly polymeric tracer particles. The problems observed in these studies were associated with a high measurement uncertainty that consequently lowers the quality of the data 15,16,24,27,[38][39][40] especially for more complex sample surfaces (nanobers, membranes), difficulties in determining the surface IEP when oppositely charged tracer particles were exposed, 15,18,19,26,29 or the observation of polymeric tracer particles sedimentation and degradation (colour change of tracer particle dispersion), which is even more pronounced under elevated ionic strength, 15,19,24,28 that limits the applicability of the EOF method at high salinity conditions.…”