Physicochemical Measurement by Chromatography: Overview and Solution Thermodynamics

Conder, J. R.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-2686-1_12

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Inlet pressures were measured with a micrometry syringe (through the injector septum) which was connected to an open branch mercury manometer. To ensure that the results were independent of sample size and flow rate and that the measurements were being performed at infinite dilution, the usual checks were made [21].…”

Section: Sm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Retention times (t R ) were measured with a Chem Station system and the retention specific volumes (V 0 g ) were calculated with the following relationship [21]:…”

Section: Sm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The probe solute-surfactant Flory-Huggins interaction parameter, χ 1i , can be calculated from the specific retention volumes,V g 0 , by the expression [21,22]:…”

Section: Data Reductionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Miscibility of anhydrous cationic surfactant mixtures

Bardavid

Schulz

Arancibia

2010

Journal of Molecular Liquids

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Section: Sm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Retention times (t R ) were measured with a Chem Station system and the retention specific volumes (V 0 g ) were calculated with the following relationship [21]:…”

Section: Sm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Miscibility of anhydrous cationic surfactant mixtures

Bardavid

Schulz

Arancibia

2010

Journal of Molecular Liquids

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“…In this case, the focus is on the origin of London dispersion forces and why their strength varies with the number of electrons in a molecule. Numerous treatments of the thermodynamics of retention have been reported. − Gas chromatography has also been used to teach students about intermolecular interactions. For example, Cunningham et al reported an experiment in which the differences in the boiling points and retention times of ethanol and 1-butanol were used by high school students to examine the variation in the strength of London dispersion forces with the size of molecules .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short Gas Chromatography Experiment That Richly Connects Thermodynamics to the Intermolecular Interactions That Govern Solute Retention

Vitha

2022

J. Chem. Educ.

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This Article comes from a series of 2 h instrumental analysis laboratory experiments developed in response to social distancing requirements established because of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID). The experiments provided rich data-analysis opportunities that taught students the chemical principles that underpin instrumental techniques, yet made it possible to collect data in a relatively short period of time. This allowed more groups to cycle through the experiments in a given lab period while still maintaining social distancing. What follows focuses specifically on a gas chromatography experiment in which students measured the fundamental values of the standard free energy, enthalpy, and entropy of retention of a methylene unit using a homologous series of alkylbenzenes as the solutes. An analysis of student writing shows that students were able to connect the strength of intermolecular interactions governing retention with measured and calculated parameters such as retention time, retention factor, equilibrium constant, free energy, enthalpy, and entropy. They also demonstrated an understanding of how the instrument functions to allow the measurement of retention times, and how those retention times are converted into thermodynamic quantities. A brief description of the other experiments developed in response to COVID, with an invitation to contact the author for additional information, is included at the end of the Article.

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“…Retention of a solute in supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) can be varied within wide limits by adding a suitable second component (variously termed as modifier, entrainer, or cosolvent) to a neat mobile-phase fluid. − During the development of SFC, considerable effort has therefore been spent by seeking efficient instrumental designs to provide a stable source of a binary mobile phase of well-defined composition − as well as by investigation of the sorption of binary mobile-phase fluids into the stationary phase. − In contrast, it has been noted that relatively little attention has been paid to the theoretical background of the effect of modifier on solute retention , although several qualitative explanations have been suggested. , The thermodynamics of the modifier effect is mainly important for physicochemical measurements by SFC, , in particular, for chromatographic studies of the cosolvent effect in solute−supercritical fluid mixtures…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamics of Modifier Effects in Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

Roth

1996

J. Phys. Chem.

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Thermodynamic properties underlying the shift in solute retention that results from a change in composition of a binary mobile-phase fluid in supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) are identified and discussed. It is shown that the composition change in the mobile-phase fluid affects the retention properties of the stationary phase even when interfacial adsorption is neglected, and bulk partitioning is supposed to be the only mechanism of solute retention. In the resultant relationship, the effects of modifier (cosolvent) on density are explicitly separated from the effects on intermolecular interactions. The relative contributions of the separate terms to the observed shift in retention are partly illustrated with the literature experimental data available at the moment. It appears that, in general, several corrections should be applied when using SFC to probe cosolvent effect in a solute-supercritical fluid mixture but that the corrections become less important as the cosolvent effect increases.

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Physicochemical Measurement by Chromatography: Overview and Solution Thermodynamics

Cited by 4 publications

References 36 publications

Miscibility of anhydrous cationic surfactant mixtures

Miscibility of anhydrous cationic surfactant mixtures

Short Gas Chromatography Experiment That Richly Connects Thermodynamics to the Intermolecular Interactions That Govern Solute Retention

Thermodynamics of Modifier Effects in Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

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