Physicochemical factors controlling the retention and transport of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in saturated sand and limestone porous media

Lv, Xueyan; Sun, Yuanyuan; Ji, Rong; Gao, Bin; Wu, Jichun; Lü, Quan; Jiang, Haibo

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2018.05.020

Cited by 61 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Characterizing the adsorption of PFAS for a wide variety of adsorbents and delineating associated adsorption mechanisms has been a major focus of research for more than the past decade, as reviewed by Du et al (2014). The transport of sorbing solutes can be influenced by nonlinear and rate-limited adsorption, and prior research has demonstrated this behavior for the transport of hydrocarbon surfactants (e.g., Adeel and Luthy, 1995;Hayworth and Burris, 1997;Smith et al, 1997;Noordman et al, 2000) and for PFAS (Lyu et al, 2018;Lv et al, 2018;Brusseau et al, 2019aBrusseau et al, , 2019b. In addition, it is well established that the transport of solutes in unsaturated porous media can be influenced by the presence of poorly-advective domains associated with water trapped in drained and dead-end pores, with preferential flow and rate-limited diffusive mass transfer contributing to nonideal transport (e.g., Selim and Ma, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating PFAS transport influenced by rate-limited multi-process retention

Brusseau

2020

Water Research

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The transport of per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the vadose zone is complicated by the fact that multiple mass-transfer processes can contribute to their retention and retardation. In addition, PFAS transport at some sites can be further complicated by the presence of organic immiscible liquids (OIL). Mass-transfer processes are inherently rate limited and, therefore, have the potential to cause nonideal transport of PFAS. The objectives of this research were to: (1) develop a solute-transport model that explicitly accounts for multiple retention processes, including adsorption at air-water and OIL-water interfaces, adsorption by the solid phase, and diffusive mass-transfer between advective and nonadvective domains, and (2) apply the model to measured transport data to delineate which processes are rate limited and contribute to observed nonideal transport. Breakthrough curves for transport of two PFAS and one hydrocarbon surfactant in sand obtained from prior miscible-displacement experiments exhibited nonideal transport. The multiprocess model effectively simulated the measured transport data. The results of the analyses indicate that adsorption at the air-water and OIL-water interface can generally be treated as effectively instantaneous for transport in porous media. The rate limitations associated with solidphase adsorption and diffusive mass transfer between advective and nonadvective domains were of greater significance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating PFAS transport influenced by rate-limited multi-process retention

Brusseau

2020

Water Research

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“…The majority of prior laboratory research on PFAS transport in porous media has focused on the contributions of solid-phase sorption (e.g., refs − ) and air–water interfacial adsorption. − However, additional retention processes may occur in NAPL-contaminated source zones, including partitioning into bulk NAPL and adsorption at NAPL–water interfaces. ,− McKenzie et al conducted miscible-displacement column experiments to investigate the impacts of TCE NAPL on the transport of a suite of PFAS in a loamy sand. Increased PFAS retention was observed in the presence of residual NAPL.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of Nonaqueous-Phase Liquids to the Retention and Transport of Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Porous Media

Glubt

Brusseau

2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) cocontamination with nonaqueous-phase organic liquids (NAPLs) has been observed or suspected at various sites, particularly at fire-training areas at which aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs) were applied. The objectives of this study are to (1) delineate the relative significance of specific PFAS-NAPL processes on PFAS retention, including partitioning into the bulk NAPL phase and adsorption to the NAPL–water interface; (2) investigate the influence of NAPL properties, saturation, and mass-transfer constraints on PFAS retention; and (3) determine whether PFAS may impact NAPL distribution through mobilization or dissolution. Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) are used as representative PFAS, and trichloroethene (TCE) and decane are used as representative NAPLs. NAPL–water interfacial adsorption was quantified with NAPL–water interfacial-tension measurements; partitioning into NAPL was quantified with batch experiments, and retardation factors (R) in the absence and presence of residual NAPL were determined with miscible-displacement transport experiments. R values increased in the presence of residual NAPL, with adsorption to the NAPL–water interface accounting for as much as ∼77% of retention and solid-phase adsorption also significantly contributing to retention. Additionally, this study provides the first QSPR analysis focused on NAPL–water interfacial adsorption coefficients, with results consistent with those from previous air–water studies. Lastly, this initial investigation into PFAS impacts on NAPL behavior determined that PFOS/PFOA are unlikely to enhance solubilization or mobilization of NAPL under the conditions present at many AFFF legacy sites.

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“…Very little mineral-specific information on PFAS partitioning exists, and instead, most of the information is related to determinations of bulk K d or K soil , or bulk retardation, R d [67,68,73,[77][78][79][80][81][82]. Mineral surface charge (e.g., zeta potential) and specific surface areas appear to be the main factors impacting PFAS retention [83] with less negative zeta potential and larger specific surface areas promoting sorption of PFOA. PFOA, PFOS PFHxA and PFNA were all shown to weakly and reversibly adsorb to positively charged alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), with the extent of adsorption being inversely proportional to solubility [84].…”

Section: Surface Area Surface Charge Aciditymentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of Per- and Polyfluoralkyl Substances (PFAS) with Landfill Liners

Gates¹,

MacLeod²,

Fehérvári³

et al. 2020

AEER

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This review synthesises the available published research on interactions of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) with landfill liners, with the view to inform on the expected behaviour of these persistent environmental pollutants in landfills. The review addresses the nature and significant types of PFAS compounds that are destined for landfills, as well as their by-product. It discusses the known and anticipated interactions with separate landfill liner components, namely geomembranes, geosynthetic clay liners and compacted clay liners. Various water-soluble PFAS are shown to advectively transport through geosynthetic clay liners (GCL) and showcase the limitations of relying on mineral liners alone to retain PFAS. Addition of activated carbon, while increasing saturated hydraulic conductivity, significantly increases PFAS retention by the GCL and reduced PFAS flux to manageable concentrations. An assessment of the relative risk for environmental exposure of different types of PFAS from landfills through interaction with those liner components is achieved with reference to published case studies of PFAS detection in and around landfills from Australia and around the World.

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Physicochemical factors controlling the retention and transport of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in saturated sand and limestone porous media

Cited by 61 publications

References 40 publications

Simulating PFAS transport influenced by rate-limited multi-process retention

Simulating PFAS transport influenced by rate-limited multi-process retention

Contribution of Nonaqueous-Phase Liquids to the Retention and Transport of Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Porous Media

Interactions of Per- and Polyfluoralkyl Substances (PFAS) with Landfill Liners

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