Physicochemical characterization of the chlorination of natural wolframites with chlorine and sulphur dioxide

Menéndez, Carlos; Barone, V. L.; Botto, I. L.; Tavani, Eduardo L.

doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2007.07.004

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…When treated with iron nitrate or nitric acid, chlorine and sulphur disappeared due to loss of their volatile compounds during calcinations [15]. The iron containing precursors were calcined at 400 or 600 • C for 4 h, according to TG-DTA and FTIR data, the iron containing catalysts (FeO x /RHS) had 4.8% or 8.9% Fe.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewable fine chemicals from rice and citric subproducts: Ecomaterials

Martín-Luengo¹,

Yates²,

Díaz³

et al. 2011

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renewable fine chemicals from rice and citric subproducts: Ecomaterials

Martín-Luengo¹,

Yates²,

Díaz³

et al. 2011

Applied Catalysis B: Environmental

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“…SEM-EDS observations were performed with a Leo 1450 VP instrument and an EDAX Genesis 2000 spectrometer. In order to find out the feasibility of a proposed reaction, the free energy change (ΔG) was calculated (Menéndez et al, 2007;Brocchi et al, 2013) on the basis of diagrams reported in the literature (Rosenqvist, 1987;Um & Lee, 1993;Fouga et al, 2012).…”

Section: Role Of the Reducing Agent In Tungsten Extraction By Chlorin...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, studies on the synthesis of such a halide and its intermediate compounds are very limited. With this idea in mind, seeking further clarifications on the physical and chemical behaviour of the W-Cl 2 system was regarded as a matter of interest (Nolasco et al, 1991;Menéndez et al, 1999;Menéndez et al, 2007;De Mico et al, 2011;Fouga et al, 2012).…”

Section: Mineralogical and Chemical Characterization Of The Orementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The operating conditions required to remove the combined oxygen (Me-O) from its bearing minerals are very difficult to obtain. A suitable technique for such a purpose is chlorination (Jena et al, 1999, Menéndez et al, 1999Menéndez et al, 2007;Brocchi & Moura, 2008;Kanari et al, 2010;De Mico et al, 2011;Fouga et al, 2012, Brocchi et al, 2013Anderson & Mishra, 2015). The halides produced generally melt at low temperature and are volatile, which facilitates their corresponding purification (Lassner & Schubert, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of the reducing agent in tungsten extraction by chlorination with chlorine from an ore enriched by physical means

Menéndez

Tavani²

2022

REM, Int. Eng. J.

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The effect of three reducing agents (sulphur dioxide, pyrite and carbon) on tungsten extraction from a scheelite-wolframite concentrate with chlorine gas was assessed. A low-grade ore (0.9% w/w WO 3 ) was collected in the San Martín department, San Luis Province, Argentina, and subsequently enriched by physical means (65.73% w/w WO 3 ). The minerals identified and their reactivities with chlorine were: scheelite (reactive), wolframite (reactive), pyrite (reactive), quartz (inert) and feldspars (inert). The metal recovered as WO 2 Cl 2 , with the different reagent combinations, was in increasing order: Cl 2 + N 2 < Cl 2 + SO 2 < pyrite + Cl 2 + N 2 < pyrite +Cl 2 + SO 2 < carbon + Cl 2 + N 2 . It was proved that, according to its content, the pyrite initially present in the ore improves chlorination performance. At the same time, the non-volatile reaction products formed -CaCl 2 and/or CaSO 4 -and the manner of removing the nascent (desorbed) oxygen change depending on the reducing agent tested.

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“…[10] Some work on the extraction of tungsten from mineral ores by chlorination has been published. [13][14][15][16] It is estimated that, approximately one third of tungsten consumption worldwide originates from reclaimed tungsten, with this percentage being much higher in market economy countries. [11] The increased availability of contaminated powder or mixed-up sintered scrap requires the development of chemical methods for the recovery of the individual constituents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrinsic Kinetics of Chlorination of WO3 Particles With Cl2 Gas Between 973 K and 1223 K (700 °C and 950 °C)

Micco

Bohé

Sohn

2011

Metall Mater Trans B

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Chlorination is one of the methods applied in extractive metallurgy for the treatment of minerals to obtain valuable metals, such as titanium and zirconium. The possibility of applying chlorination metallurgy to other metals such as tungsten was the major aim of this study. The kinetics of the chlorination of tungsten oxide (WO 3 ) particles has been investigated by thermogravimetry between 973 K and 1223 K (700°C and 950°C) and for partial pressures of chlorine ranging from 15 to 70 kPa. The starting temperature for the reaction of WO 3 with chlorine is determined to be about 920 K (647°C). The influence of chlorine diffusion through the bulk gas phase and through the particle interstices in the overall rate was analyzed. In the absence of these two mass-transfer steps, a reaction order of 0.5 with respect to chlorine partial pressure, and an activation energy of 183 kJ/mol were determined. For tungsten oxide particles of less than 50-lm size, a complete rate expression has been obtained.

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Physicochemical characterization of the chlorination of natural wolframites with chlorine and sulphur dioxide

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

Renewable fine chemicals from rice and citric subproducts: Ecomaterials

Renewable fine chemicals from rice and citric subproducts: Ecomaterials

Role of the reducing agent in tungsten extraction by chlorination with chlorine from an ore enriched by physical means

Intrinsic Kinetics of Chlorination of WO3 Particles With Cl2 Gas Between 973 K and 1223 K (700 °C and 950 °C)

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