Physicochemical Characterization of Calcium Oxide from Freshwater Mussel (Pilsbryoconcha sp.) Shell

Abstract

Freshwater mussel (Pilsbryoconcha sp.) shells have a proportion of 51.93%, which is included in the solid waste resulting from the processing of mussels. In fact, mussel shells are rich in minerals, especially high calcium, with a calcium content of 39.55%. So innovation is needed so that the utilization of mussel shells is maximized. One way is through the valorization of mussel shells into products with high added value. This study aimed to determine the physicochemical characteristics of the CaO (calcium oxide) extract of freshwater mussel shells. Valorization of mussel shells into calcium oxide (CaO) flour by calcination method at 1000°C temperature. The test parameters were yield, functional groups using the FTIR instrument, macro (calcium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus) and micro minerals (Manganese, zinc, iron, and sodium) using the AAS instrument. The results showed that the physicochemical characteristics of calcium oxide (CaO) flour from the shell of the freshwater mussel (Pilsbryoconcha sp.) included: the proportion of shell 51.90%, the proportion of meat and viscera 48.10%; CaO yield of 56.47%; identified the Ca-O group at a wavelength of 1 661, 1 409, 1 116, and 875 cm-1; and dominated by calcium content of 76.27% to potential as a calcium precursor in the synthesis of hydroxyapatite.

Identification of Mineral Absorption in the Meat of Freshwater Kijing (Pilsbryoconcha exilis Lea) Using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF)

“…Calcium oxide (CaO) is an important element for mussels, especially in the formation of mussel shells. This element is the result of the decomposition of CaCO3 in the shell into CaO and CO2 (Sidauruk et al, 2022). Generally, CaO is found in mussel shells.…”

Evaluation of antibacterial activity of nano-hydroxyapatite (HAp) from freshwater mussel (Pilsbryoconcha sp.) shell against Escherichia coli

“…In fact, processing freshwater mussel produced large quantities of solid waste in the form of shells. The solid waste produced from mussels was 51.90% of the total weight of freshwater mussel [2]. More freshwater mussel production will result in more freshwater mussel shell waste, which could negatively affect humans and the environment.…”

“…The high calcium content in freshwater mussel shells could be utilized in making freshwater mussel shell flour, which is applied to mineral-rich cookies [3] [4]. Moreover, the high calcium in freshwater mussel shells has been utilized by converting it into Calcium Oxide (CaO) flour, which functioned as a calcium precursor in the synthesis of hydroxyapatite using the calcination method with a calcium content of 76.27% [2]. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) consists of the mineral compound apatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)6) which can be synthesized using high-calcium material which can potentially form human bones and teeth because the main components of HAp are calcium and phosphate [5].…”