Physicochemical Characterization of A and B Subunits of Shiga Toxin and Reconstitution of Holotoxin from Isolated Subunits

Abstract

The

Differential tissue targeting and pathogenesis of verotoxins 1 and 2 in the mouse animal model

“…VT2, pits and caveoli-mediated endocytosis [14][15][16]. Once inalthough generally less cytotoxic than VT1 in vitro ternalized, the toxin undergoes a process of retrograde [50,51] shows increased cytotoxicity for cultured human transport to the Golgi and/or endoplasmic reticulum renal microvascular endothelial cells [52]. The A subunit [17,18].…”

Characterizing a Silver Nanoparticle-Based Electrochemical Biosensor for Shiga Toxin Detection

“…A microgram quantity of Shiga toxin can be lethal and cause kidney failure, neurological complications, as well as necrosis of tissues . Yutsudo et al estimated that 63.7 μg is a lethal amount for a 45.5 kg human for Shiga toxin-1 . Similarly, Tesh and Eiklid and Olsnes calculated LD 50 in mice equal to 20 and 450 μg/kg, respectively, , making Shiga toxin very dangerous.…”

Nanowire-Based Delivery ofEscherichia coliO157 Shiga Toxin 1 A Subunit into Human and Bovine Cells

“…An important consideration for optimizing the interaction of StxA1 with the NWs is the polarity of the two constituents. The Si sites of the NWs are in the 4+ state (positive polarity), and StxA1 exhibits a net positive charge in neutral solution due to its isoelectric point (∼8.2) A.…”

“…The Si sites of the NWs are in the 4+ state (positive polarity), and StxA1 exhibits a net positive charge in neutral solution due to its isoelectric point (∼8.2). 27 Consequently, the interaction between the Si 4+ sites and StxA1 is likely to be electrostatically repulsive, which may explain the smaller shift of the Si 2p core level state with StxA1 relative to Fn in Figure 1A. To increase the binding probability between StxA1 and NW, the net charge of StxA1 was converted to negative by changing the pH of StxA1 solution to pH 9.0.…”