Physicochemical Characterization and Immunomodulatory Activity of a Novel Acid Polysaccharide from Solanum muricatum

Abstract

To investigate the structure and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharide from Solanum muricatum, a novel acid polysaccharide named SMP-3a was purified from Solanum muricatum pulp through DEAE-52 cellulose column and Sephadex G-200 chromatography. Monosaccharide composition analysis showed that SMP-3a was mainly composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, and galacturonic acid with the molar ratio of 1.09:2.64:1.54:1. The average molecular weight was found to be 227 kDa by high performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC). Thermal studies revealed the SMP-3a was a thermally stable polymer. Based on the results of methylation and NMR analysis, the backbone chain of SMP-3a was composed of →2)-α-l-Rhap-(1→, →4)-α-d-GalpA-(1→ and →4)-α-d-Galp-(1→. The side chain was consisted of α-l-Araf-(1→ and →5)-α-l-Araf-(1→. Immunomodulatory assay indicated that SMP-3a could significantly promote the proliferation of macrophages and stimulate the secretion of cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Our results suggested that SMP-3a could be used as a novel potential immunomodulatory agent in functional food.

Moderate and severe water stress effects on morphological and biochemical traits in a set of pepino (Solanum muricatum) cultivars

“…The pepino fruit is usually eaten as fresh juicy fruit, although some cultivars are used in vegetable salads due to their higher acidity content and herbaceous flavour (Prohens et al, 2002). Different studies found that pepino displays antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties (Hsu et al, 2011;Shathish and Guruvayoorappan, 2014;Sudha et al, 2011;Virani et al, 2020;Wang et al, 2019;Yue et al, 2019Yue et al, , 2020. One of the most interesting features of pepino is its close phylogenetic relationship with the major crops potato and tomato (Särkinen et al, 2013;Spooner et al, 1993).…”

Structural Features of Three Hetero-Galacturonans from Passiflora foetida Fruits and Their in Vitro Immunomodulatory Effects

“…Among the salt-eluted polysaccharides, such as galactans, glucans, galacturonans, galacturonans have attracted more attention in modern pharmacology [5][6][7]. It is one kind of polysaccharides with a backbone of galactopyranouronic (GalpAc) residues and mostly distributed in plants as heterozygotes, which have extensively gained concerns because of their multiple biological properties, especially the immunomodulatory activities [8][9][10][11][12]. Studies have shown that these galacturonans derived from different plants (such as sweet cherry, stem lettuce, Gynostemma pentaphyllum tea, and elderflowers) with different molecular weights (9~2490 kDa) and different percentages of galacturonic acid (17.4%-77.18%) exhibited various immunoregulatory effects on macrophages by enhancing production of NO and cytokines at the minimum effective concentration (0.8~100 µg/mL).…”