Physicochemical characteristics, oxidative capacities and cytotoxicities of sulfate-coated, 1,4-NQ-coated and ozone-aged black carbon particles

Li, Qian; Shang, Jing; Liu, Jia; Xu, Weiwei; Feng, Xiang; Li, Rui; Zhu, Tong

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2014.10.005

Cited by 29 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…WST‐8, which is the effective constituent of CCK‐8, is reduced by dehydrogenase activities in cells to give a soluble yellow‐color formazan. The CCK‐8 assay shows that OCB has higher cytotoxicity than UCB at the high concentration (128 μg/cm 2 ) and at the time point of 24 h, which agrees with the MTT result wherein OCB has higher cytotoxicity than UCB (Li et al, ). Furthermore, trypan blue assay was used to detect cytotoxic effect as well.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…These results verify the strong dependence of mitochondrial ROS production on the level of the transmembrane potential (Zorov et al, ). Furthermore, OCB has higher oxidative potential than UCB by using DTT assay (Li et al, ). Therefore, we conclude that the excessive intracellular ROS are mainly generated via activation of NAD(P)H‐like enzymes or other enzymes (Li et al, ; Zorov et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ozonized carbon black induces mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage

Gao

Shang

et al. 2016

Environ. Toxicol.

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Black carbon and tropospheric ozone (O ), which are major air pollutants in China, are hazardous to humans following inhalation. Black carbon can be oxidized by O forming secondary particles of which the health effects are unknown. The present study utilized carbon black as a representative of black carbon to characterize the cytotoxicity induced by secondary particles in bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) and C57BL/6J mice, and to investigate the implicated molecular pathways. Two types of carbon black including untreated carbon black (UCB) and ozonized carbon black (OCB) were presented. The effects of carbon black on cell viability, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidized/reduced glutathione ratio, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), intracellular ATP, and mitochondrial cytochrome c to cytoplasmic cytochrome c ratio were assessed in 16HBE. In addition, an alkaline comet assay and a cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) test with 16HBE cells in vitro and ELISA method for serum 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and a bone marrow micronucleus (BMN) test with C57BL/6J mice in vivo were performed to detect the genotoxicity. When compared with UCB exposed cells, OCB exposed cells had decreased cell viability, increased cell death rate, increased comet length and decreased MMP at 24 h exposure. UCB induced higher level of intracellular ROS than OCB from 4 to 23 h. No changes were observed for both OCB and UCB in serum 8-OHdG, intracellular ATP and mitochondrial cytochrome c to cytoplasmic cytochrome c ratio. The results of CBMN and BMN tests are negative. Intracellular ROS induced by OCB was lower than that of UCB. In summary, ozonization enhances the mitochondrial toxicity and genotoxicity of carbon black. Oxidative stress may not dominate in toxic effects of OCB. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 944-955, 2017.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozonized carbon black induces mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage

Gao

Shang

et al. 2016

Environ. Toxicol.

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“…These atmospheric HULIS materials are found ubiquitously in various environments, and are derived from various sources. Their possible sources include biomass burning (BB; Feczko et al, 2007;Baduel et al, 2010;Lin et al, 2010a), vehicular emissions (El Haddad et al, 2009), marine emissions (Krivacsy et al, 2008), the oxidation of soot Li et al, 2013Li et al, , 2015, and secondary processes via the transformation of gas-and condensed-phase species by chemical reactions (Salma et al, 2007;Baduel et al, 2010;Salma et al, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

Comprehensive characterization of humic-like substances in smoke PM<sub>2.5</sub> emitted from the combustion of biomass materials and fossil fuels

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Humic-like substances (HULIS) in smoke fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) emitted from the combustion of biomass materials (rice straw, corn straw, and pine branch) and fossil fuels (lignite coal and diesel fuel) were comprehensively studied in this work. The HULIS fractions were first isolated with a one-step solid-phase extraction method, and were then investigated with a series of analytical techniques: elemental analysis, total organic carbon analysis, UV-vis (ultraviolet-visible) spectroscopy, excitationemission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and 1 H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results show that HULIS account for 11.2-23.4 and 5.3 % of PM 2.5 emitted from biomass burning (BB) and coal combustion, respectively. In addition, contributions of HULIS-C to total carbon and water-soluble carbon in smoke PM 2.5 emitted from BB are 8.0-21.7 and 56.9-66.1 %, respectively. The corresponding contributions in smoke PM 2.5 from coal combustion are 5.2 and 45.5 %, respectively. These results suggest that BB and coal combustion are both important sources of HULIS in atmospheric aerosols. However, HULIS in diesel soot only accounted for ∼ 0.8 % of the soot particles, suggesting that vehicular exhaust may not be a significant primary source of HULIS. Primary HULIS and atmospheric HULIS display many similar chemical characteristics, as indicated by the instrumental analytical characterization, while some distinct features were also apparent. A high spectral absorbance in the UV-vis spectra, a distinct band at λ ex /λ em ≈ 280/350 nm in EEM spectra, lower H / C and O / C molar ratios, and a high content of [Ar-H] were observed for primary HULIS. These results suggest that primary HULIS contain more aromatic structures, and have a lower content of aliphatic and oxygen-containing groups than atmospheric HULIS. Among the four primary sources of HULIS, HULIS from BB had the highest O / C molar ratios (0.43-0.54) and [H-C-O] content (10-19 %), indicating that HULIS from this source mainly consisted of carbohydrate-and phenolic-like structures. HULIS from coal combustion had a lower O / C molar ratio (0.27) and a higher content of [Ar-H] (31 %), suggesting that aromatic compounds were extremely abundant in HULIS from this source. Moreover, the absorption Ångström exponents of primary HULIS from BB and coal combustion were 6.7-8.2 and 13.6, respectively. The mass absorption efficiencies of primary HULIS from BB and coal combustion at 365 nm (MAE 365 ) were 0.97-2.09 and 0.63 m 2 gC −1 , respectively. Noticeably higher MAE 365 values for primary HULIS from BB than coal combustion indicate that the former has a stronger contribution to the light-absorbing properties of aerosols in the atmospheric environment.

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“…This is consistent with the previous results that CNT and Printex U are toxic to J774 cells (Kumarathasan et al, 2012) and graphene oxide can induce dose-dependent cell death in normal human lung fibroblasts (HLFs), macrophages (THP-1 and J744A), epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells, lung cancer cells (A549), etc. (Zhang et al, 2016;Li et al, 2018). At the same time, the BrdU activities decreased as a function of the dose of carbon nanomaterials, which means they are an inhibitor for cell proliferation of murine J744 cells (Cappella et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Actually, it has been recognized that the surface properties of carbon nanomaterials will influence their biological effects or toxicity (Lara-Martinez et al, 2017;Koromilas et al, 2014). For example, a recent study has found that hydrated graphene oxide exhibited a higher cytotoxicity to THP-1 (a human monocytic leukemia cell line) and BEAS-2B (human bronchial epithelial) cells as a consequence of lipid peroxidation of the surface membrane and membrane lysis compared to pristine and reduced graphene oxide (Li et al, 2018). Functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (FMWCNTs) are highly cardioembryotoxic in comparison to functionalized oxygen-doped multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Lara-Martinez et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of functional groups on toxicity of carbon nanomaterials

Jiang

Liu²,

et al. 2019

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. It has been recognized that carbon nanomaterials and soot particles are toxic for human health, but the influence of functionalization on their toxicity as well as the evolution of the toxicity of carbon nanomaterials due to chemical aging in the atmosphere is still controversial. In the current study, the oxidation potential measured by dithiothreitol (DTT) decay rate and the cytotoxicity to murine macrophage cells of different functionalized carbon nanomaterials were investigated to understand the role of functionalization in their toxicities. The DTT decay rates of special black 4A (SB4A), graphene, graphene oxide, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), SWCNT-OH and SWCNT-COOH were 45.9±3.0, 58.5±6.6, 160.7±21.7, 38.9±8.9, 57.0±7.2 and 36.7±0.2 pmol min−1 µg−1, respectively. Epoxide was found to be mainly responsible for the highest DTT decay rate of graphene oxide compared to other carbon nanomaterials based on comprehensive characterizations. Both carboxylation and hydroxylation showed little influence on the oxidation potential of carbon nanomaterials, while epoxidation contributes to the enhancement of oxidation potential. All these carbon nanomaterials were toxic to the murine J774 cell line. However, oxidized carbon nanomaterials (graphene oxide, SWCNT-OH and SWCNT-COOH) showed weaker cytotoxicity to the J774 cell line compared to the corresponding control sample as far as the metabolic activity was considered and stronger cytotoxicity to the J774 cell line regarding the membrane integrity and DNA incorporation. These results imply that epoxidation might enhance the oxidation potential of carbon nanomaterials.

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Physicochemical characteristics, oxidative capacities and cytotoxicities of sulfate-coated, 1,4-NQ-coated and ozone-aged black carbon particles

Cited by 29 publications

References 40 publications

Ozonized carbon black induces mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage

Ozonized carbon black induces mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage

Comprehensive characterization of humic-like substances in smoke PM<sub>2.5</sub> emitted from the combustion of biomass materials and fossil fuels

Influence of functional groups on toxicity of carbon nanomaterials

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Physicochemical characteristics, oxidative capacities and cytotoxicities of sulfate-coated, 1,4-NQ-coated and ozone-aged black carbon particles

Cited by 29 publications

References 40 publications

Ozonized carbon black induces mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage

Ozonized carbon black induces mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage

Comprehensive characterization of humic-like substances in smoke PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; emitted from the combustion of biomass materials and fossil fuels

Influence of functional groups on toxicity of carbon nanomaterials

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Comprehensive characterization of humic-like substances in smoke PM<sub>2.5</sub> emitted from the combustion of biomass materials and fossil fuels