Physicochemical characteristics of colloidal nanomaterial suspensions and aerosolized particulates from nano‐enabled consumer spray products

Abstract

Physicochemical properties between colloidal engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) and aerosols released from consumer spray products were characterized. A dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP‐MS) were used to evaluate the suspended ENMs in the products. Direct‐reading instruments, TEM, and ICP‐MS were used to characterize the properties of aerosolized ENMs. The aerosolized organic compounds with ENMs were assumed to be vaporized for a short time after spraying. The median diameter of ENMs in product solutions measured by DLS was about 200‐350 nm, while individual particle was confirmed from 3 to 50 nm by TEM. The size of aerosolized ENMs was ranged from 7 to 44 nm, and their aggregates were about 100‐1000 nm in near distance. Some inorganic substances including raw nanomaterials were also found in the aerosol. The particles released from the propellant sprays were identified in far distance, while they were not found in far distance when pump sprays were used. The number concentration from the propellant sprays increased up to 6000 particles/cm3/g at near distance and dispersed to far distance, while the most of droplets emitted from pump sprays were settled down near sprayer's location. We found other metals besides labeled ENMs are included in each product and the characteristics of the particles are different when they are sprayed.

Spatial Uncertainty in Modeling Inhalation Exposure to Volatile Organic Compounds in Response to the Application of Consumer Spray Products

“…Based on the results of this study, VOCs must undergo a phase transition to a gaseous state when applied as liquid aerosols. Several studies using engineered nanoparticle (ENP) sprays (e.g., silver nanoparticles) observed that the spray nozzle types and size distribution of aerosols are important for estimating the inhalation exposure [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ], although VOCs are expected to vaporize faster and achieve even distribution more easily than ENPs in spray products. The results of this study suggest that the estimation of inhalation exposure to VOCs should consider the spatial uncertainty, particularly regarding short-term exposure.…”

Comparison of sampling methods for the determination of volatile organic compounds in consumer aerosol sprays

“…However, there is growing concern that the hazardous substances these products contain could adversely affect human health 1,3-6 . Several studies have analyzed the hazardous substances in various consumer spray products, such as detergents, coatings, diffusers, and disinfectants [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] . Building on these studies, further assessments of emission rates and consumer exposure to hazardous substances in the indoor environment associated with the use of certain products have been conducted [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] .Previous studies have analyzed volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in various household chemical products, but there is no internationally standardized sampling method available for aerosol spray products.…”