Physicochemical assessment of industrial textile effluents of Punjab (India)

Abstract

Urbanization and industrialization are generating huge quantities of untreated wastewater leading to increased water pollution and human diseases in India. The textile industry is one of the leading polluters of surface water and consumes about 200-270 tons of water to produce 1 ton of textile product. The primary objective of the present study was to investigate the pollution potential of textile industry effluent draining into Buddha Nallah stream located in Ludhiana, Punjab (India), and determine the seasonal variation in physicochemical parameters (pH, water temperature, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of Buddha Nallah water. During summer months, for Site 1 and Site 2, the value of pH was in the alkaline range of 8.78 ± 0.47 and 8.51 ± 0.41, respectively. The values of pH in the rainy season were found to be in the range of 7.38 ± 0.58 and 7.11 ± 0.59 for Site 1 and Site 2, respectively. In the autumn and winter seasons, the average pH values were found to be in the range of 8.58 ± 1.40 and 8.33 ± 0.970, respectively. The maximum mean temperature in summer was recorded as 41.16 ± 4.99 °C, and lowest mean temperature in winter was recorded as 39.25 ± 2.25 °C at Site 2. The suspended solids were found to be highest (143.5 ± 75.01 and 139.66 ± 71.87 mg/L) in autumn for both the sites and lowest (86.50 + 15.10 mg/L) in the rainy season for Site 1. The values of BOD and COD of the textile effluent of both sites during all the seasons ranged from 121-580 to 240-990 mg/L, respectively, much higher than WHO water quality standard of 30 mg/L for BOD and 250 mg/L for COD. The present study deals with the collection of textile industry effluent and its characterization to find out the physicochemical load being drained by the effluent generated from textile industries, on the natural wastewater streams.

Isolation and characterization of two bacterial strains from textile effluents having Malachite Green dye degradation ability

“…During collection the pH of tested sample was slightly acidic to neutral which was within the permissible limit of WHO and IS 10500:1991 [27]. Temperature affects various chemical and biological processes in water and is an important parameter [27]. Due to winter season the temperatures of the present collected samples were around 18ºC.…”

“…The pH determination of waste water is crucial as it is an important parameter that determines and influences the treatment process [26]. During collection the pH of tested sample was slightly acidic to neutral which was within the permissible limit of WHO and IS 10500:1991 [27]. Temperature affects various chemical and biological processes in water and is an important parameter [27].…”

Brine Recycling from Industrial Textile Wastewater Treated by Ozone. By-Products Accumulation. Part 1: Multi Recycling Loop

“…Moreover, many industrial branches produce salty wastewater that contains a huge concentration of low-molecular-weight salt (LMWS), like NaCl and Na 2 SO 4 . Therefore, a large amount of LMWS is emitted into the environment, which disturbs living conditions in the biosphere [2,3].…”

“…The preliminary detection of by-products by thin layer chromatography (TLC) revealed phenol and naphthol derivatives as the transformation products (TPs) of ozonation. Dyeing of cotton using purified wastewater (brine) resulted in very good DE CMC color matching parameters (under 1.16), but only in the first recycling loop, and then the TPs affected the process.The regions of huge areas, like the Panjab region in India, have been polluted by the emission of textile wastewater released into the environment, without any previous purification, which increases general salinity of surface water [3].It is difficult to find an efficient and inexpensive treatment method that could be used to clean wastewater polluted by LMWS. Especially, biological treatment, which is the most commonly used method, could be severely affected by a high concentration of LMWS.…”

“…The regions of huge areas, like the Panjab region in India, have been polluted by the emission of textile wastewater released into the environment, without any previous purification, which increases general salinity of surface water [3].…”