Physicochemical and Phytochemical Analyses of Copra and Oil ofCocos nuciferaL. (West Coast TallVariety)

Abstract

Coconut copra from West coast tall variety, cultivated in Kerala, India, was subjected to aqueous and solvent extractions (using n-hexane). Additionally, oil was extracted from the copra in Soxhlet assembly using petroleum ether (b.p. 60–80°C). Physicochemical and phytochemical analyses were conducted for the extracts and the oil, with commercial coconut oil as the experimental control. The physicochemical analyses showed that the aqueous extract of copra was milky-white in color with a sweet odor, while the solvent extract was pale yellow and odorless. The commercial oil had 0.08 ± 0.02% oleic acid and a TOTOX value of 7.73 ± 0.78, lower than the Soxhlet extracted oil. Among all the extracts and oils, best phytochemical properties, antioxidant activity (DPPH activity, IC50 value 0.04 ± 0.01 mg/mL), total phenol (0.96 ± 0.04 mg gallic acid eq./g dry copra), reducing power (40.49 ± 1.84 mg BHT eq./g dry copra), and anti-inflammatory activity (NO activity, IC50 value 0.77 ± 0.06 mg/mL) were obtained in the commercial coconut oil, followed by the Soxhlet extracted oil, aqueous extract, and solvent extract. Fatty acid composition analyses showed mainly medium chain fatty acids in the copra oil with lauric acid as the predominant fatty acid (51.88% and 44.84% in Soxhlet extracted and commercial oils, resp.).

Reduction of lauric acid in coconut copra by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction: Process optimization and design of functional cookies using the lauric acid‐lean copra meal

“…Soxhlet extracted LLCM oil had specific gravity of 0.91 ± 0.01, 0.04 ± 0.01%FFA (as oleic acid), PV of 2.54 ± 0.02 mEq./kg oil, p ‐AV of 1.52 ± 0.03, TOTOX value of 6.60 ± 0.02 and IC 50 value of 50 ± 10 µg/ml. These values were similar to those of expeller‐pressed coconut copra oil, reported by Ghosh et al ().…”

“… q Lauric acid content in expeller pressed oil of copra was calculated from reports of Coconut Development Board, Kochi, India () and Ghosh et al () as 176.45 mg / (g dry copra) by internal standard (IS) (C 13:0 ) method.…”

“…Lauric acid (C 12:0 ) is the most abundant MCFA in coconut oil (∼50% of all fatty acids) (Che Man & Marina, ). The oil from copra of West coast tall variety cultivated in India is also reportedly a rich source of antioxidants and lauric acid (Ghosh, Bhattacharjee, Mitra, & Poddar‐Sarkar, ).…”

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“…The fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) of fatty acids in SC-CO 2 extracts of YM seeds were prepared in accordance with the method reported by Ghosh et al, in 2014 15 . Analysis of the FAME samples was conducted by GC in Trace GC 700 system (Thermo Scientific, USA) equipped with a TR-1 capillary column (L×I.D.…”

Haematology, Carcass and Fatty Acid Composition of Finishing Broilers Fed Enzyme Supplemented Expeller Copra Meal in Corn-Animal Protein Diets

“…The residual fat in ECM (35 to 120 g/kg; Ravindran & Blair, 1992;Sundu et al, 2009;Devi & Diarra, 2019) is a valuable energy source in the diet. However, ECM fat is mainly in the form of saturated fatty acids (NRC, 1994;DeMandal & Mandal., 2011;Ghosh et al, 2014;Boateng et al, 2016). The effect of dietary fat sources on the fatty acid composition of poultry products is well documented (Carmona et al, 2006;Smink et al, 2010;Kanakri et al, 2018).…”