Physicochemical and electrokinetic properties of silica/lignin biocomposites

Kraft lignin/silica–AgNPs as a functional material with antibacterial activity

“…2a also shows the spectrum for kraft lignin. The characteristic bands associated with the presence of specific functional groups in lignin have been identified and described in our previous publications [34,35] and confirmed by other authors [42]. Also shown in Fig.…”

“…In the range below 1200 cm −1 no trace is observed of any signal originating from the lignin structures, due to masking by the relatively strong signals from the inorganic structures. The effectiveness of the chemical bonding between silica and lignin was also confirmed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), as described in [34]. In another publication [35] a mechanism for the reaction has been proposed.…”

“…The product was dried at 105 • C for 24 h and then classified. A detailed description of the synthesis of silica/lignin hybrid materials is given in [34][35][36].…”

“…The BET surface area of the tested unmodified silica equals 262 m 2 /g. A detailed description of the modification of silica with N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) is given in [33,34].…”

Removal of lead(II) ions by an adsorption process with the use of an advanced SiO2/lignin biosorbent

“…The dependence of the process effi ciency on pH is mainly determined by the characteristic functional groups located on the adsorbent surface, as has been confi rmed in previous publications 31, 32 . In an aqueous system the surface of the silica/lignin sorbent exhibits a negative charge, as has also been confi rmed by electrokinetic stability studies 21 . This is important in the case of adsorption of positively charged lead(II) ions from model solutions.…”