Abstract:An aminophenoxy substituent indium phthalocyanine was linked to magnetic nanoparticles and the conjugate showed less activity than the Pc alone towards photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy ofE. coli.
“…The ratio of the two peaks is 1.4:1, indicating an average of about 4.7 quaternary and 3.3 neutral amine groups, for example, all outer imine groups are protonated, but the inner nitrogen atoms are only partially protonated. After oxidation with VO 2 + , the system shows only one group of nitrogen atoms, all around 401.5 eV, which matches well with a phthalimide structure (e.g., some amides appear around 401.9 eV) . In conclusion, reaction of CuPCSA inside of the membranes to the related phthalimide is fast and quantitative.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 68%
“…To prove the complete reaction of CuPCSA to sulfonated phthalimide inside of the membranes, colored and discolored NB7.5 membrane samples, both in the protonated form, were analyzed by XPS (Figure ). The pristine membrane showed two peaks in the N 1s range at 401.0 and 399.0 eV, which is the typical range for ammonium and amine nitrogen atoms, respectively . The ratio of the two peaks is 1.4:1, indicating an average of about 4.7 quaternary and 3.3 neutral amine groups, for example, all outer imine groups are protonated, but the inner nitrogen atoms are only partially protonated.…”
Sulfonated copper phthalocyanine (CuPCSA) was embedded into Nafion membranes in ratios of 0, 1. 25, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 wt %. The absence of CuPCSA related peaks in WAXS patterns indicated that CuPCSA did not form crystalline phases during membrane formation. Tensile strength and Young's modulus were highest in the range of 2.5-5 wt % CuPCSA. As demonstrated for Nafion 212, the weight gain and swelling in water-based solutions decreases when the sulfuric acid concentration increases from 0 to 2 M. In 2 M sulfuric acid, addition of CuPCSA increases the weight gain. In contact with VO 2 + , blue CuPCSA is oxidatively hydrolyzed to form colorless sulfonated phthalimide. XPS analysis showed that (1) this reaction is quantitative and (2) that the sulfonated phthalimide does not leach out from the membrane during operation in the flow battery. The coulomb efficiency increases with the amount of phthalimide. This affects the energy efficiency so strongly, that it follows the same trend as the coulomb efficiency. During cycling, the cell with Nafion/7.5 wt % filler showed the highest discharge capacity and the lowest difference between charge and discharge capacity.
“…The ratio of the two peaks is 1.4:1, indicating an average of about 4.7 quaternary and 3.3 neutral amine groups, for example, all outer imine groups are protonated, but the inner nitrogen atoms are only partially protonated. After oxidation with VO 2 + , the system shows only one group of nitrogen atoms, all around 401.5 eV, which matches well with a phthalimide structure (e.g., some amides appear around 401.9 eV) . In conclusion, reaction of CuPCSA inside of the membranes to the related phthalimide is fast and quantitative.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 68%
“…To prove the complete reaction of CuPCSA to sulfonated phthalimide inside of the membranes, colored and discolored NB7.5 membrane samples, both in the protonated form, were analyzed by XPS (Figure ). The pristine membrane showed two peaks in the N 1s range at 401.0 and 399.0 eV, which is the typical range for ammonium and amine nitrogen atoms, respectively . The ratio of the two peaks is 1.4:1, indicating an average of about 4.7 quaternary and 3.3 neutral amine groups, for example, all outer imine groups are protonated, but the inner nitrogen atoms are only partially protonated.…”
Sulfonated copper phthalocyanine (CuPCSA) was embedded into Nafion membranes in ratios of 0, 1. 25, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 wt %. The absence of CuPCSA related peaks in WAXS patterns indicated that CuPCSA did not form crystalline phases during membrane formation. Tensile strength and Young's modulus were highest in the range of 2.5-5 wt % CuPCSA. As demonstrated for Nafion 212, the weight gain and swelling in water-based solutions decreases when the sulfuric acid concentration increases from 0 to 2 M. In 2 M sulfuric acid, addition of CuPCSA increases the weight gain. In contact with VO 2 + , blue CuPCSA is oxidatively hydrolyzed to form colorless sulfonated phthalimide. XPS analysis showed that (1) this reaction is quantitative and (2) that the sulfonated phthalimide does not leach out from the membrane during operation in the flow battery. The coulomb efficiency increases with the amount of phthalimide. This affects the energy efficiency so strongly, that it follows the same trend as the coulomb efficiency. During cycling, the cell with Nafion/7.5 wt % filler showed the highest discharge capacity and the lowest difference between charge and discharge capacity.
“…The reaction was allowed to stir for 48 h before been separated magnetically, washed with ethanol and dried (Fig. 2) 32 . The product was denoted as MNP-COOH.Figure 2Synthesis route for the preparation of carboxylic acid functionalized superparamagnetic nanoparticles (MNP-COOH).…”
The continuous demand for clean and affordable water needed for the survival of man is now a major challenge globally. Therefore, the treatment of wastewater generated from printing, textile and dyeing industries containing soluble dyes like rhodamine B (Rh-B) is of utmost important. This study investigates the efficiency of new multifunctionalized superparamagnetic nanoparticles (MNP-Tppy) for the removal of cationic Rh-B from aqueous solution. To afford MNP-Tppy, the surface of MNP was covalently functionalized with terpyridine ligand to enable an anionic charge on the adsorbent. The results of characterization including Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and fourier transform infra–red spectroscopy (FTIR) indicate that this superparamagnetic nanoparticle functionalized with multiple nitrogen atoms was successfully synthesized. Adsorption experiments involving the effect of pH, time, temperature, adsorbent dose and adsorbate concentration show that the maximum adsorption of Rh-B using MNP-Tppy was observed at pH 9 and removal was observed to increase as solution pH increases. Similarly, time variation shows that adsorbate removal increases as adsorption time increases until the removal attained equilibrium at 15 min. Kinetic studies conducted among four kinetic models using the data obtained from effect of time indicate that the adsorption process can best be described by the pseudo-second order model. Isotherm studies conducted at three different temperatures revealed that Langmuir isotherm model fitted well for the equilibrium data with
q
m
value of 113.64 mg g
−1
and thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption process involving the removal of Rh-B from aqueous solution by MNP-Tppy is spontaneous, endothermic and realistic in nature. Lastly, Reusability experiments indicate that MNP-Tppy can be regenerated and re-used.
“…Laser flash photolysis experiments were performed as explained before [8]. Irradiations for singlet oxygen quantum yield determinations and PACT as well as the preparation of bacteria were performed as explained before [14]. Photo-degradation of methyl red was performed using Modulight ® Medical Laser system (ML) 7710-680.…”
ClIn(III) octacarboxy phthalocyanine (ClInOCPc) when alone or conjugated to magnetic nanoparticles (MNP-ClInOCPc) was employed for both photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy of an unknown water sample and
Staphylococcus aureus,
and for photo-degradation of methyl red (MR). The singlet oxygen quantum yields (
Φ
Δ
) in water using ClInOCPc and MNP-ClInOCPc embedded in polyacrylonitrile (PAN) electrospun fibers were 0.36 and 0.22, respectively. When in solution, MNP-ClInOCPc gave 90.6% photoinactivation of microbes in a water sample from the stream and of ClInOCPc resulted in 84.8 % photoinactivation. When embedded to the polymer, there was 48.0% clearance for ClInOCPc and 63.7% clearance for MNP-ClInOCPc for the microbes in the water sample from the stream. For the photo-degradation of MR, the rate of degradation increased with decrease of the MR concentration with the MNP-ClInOCPc having the fastest rate.
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