Physicochemical analysis of the exhaust soot from a gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine and the carbon black

Zhang, Xuyang; Chen, Song; Lyu, Gang; Li, Yunqiang; Qiao, Yuehan; Li, Zhenguo

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2022.124262

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The ionic mechanism is introduced afterward to explain the phenomenon, and more similar results could also be seen in recent studies. ,− These investigations are most focused on the particle size distribution (PSD) and volume concentration of soot particles using in situ optical measurements, yet minimal information is available on their nanostructural and oxidative characteristics. It is widely accepted that the nanostructure of soot particles has a significant impact on oxidative reactivity, which essentially determines their toxicity. , In our previous work, the effect of typical components of MSW on soot formation during open burning has been investigated . It has been found that soot from different fractions of MSW varied largely in structural and oxidative properties, where plastic fractions generated soot particles with a higher disordered nanostructure than those produced by biomass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is widely accepted that the nanostructure of soot particles has a significant impact on oxidative reactivity, which essentially determines their toxicity. 20,21 In our previous work, the effect of typical components of MSW on soot formation during open burning has been investigated. 22 It has been found that soot from different fractions of MSW varied largely in structural and oxidative properties, where plastic fractions generated soot particles with a higher disordered nanostructure than those produced by biomass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Potassium Chloride on the Nanostructure and Reactivity of Soot Particles from Combustion of Municipal Solid Waste

Wang³

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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This work studied the effect of potassium chloride (KCl) on soot formation during the combustion of municipal solid waste (MSW). The nanostructural and oxidative properties of soot particles were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy (RS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). HRTEM images showed that, under the same combustion environment, the KCl-loaded fuel samples generated soot particles with smaller particle sizes and more compact morphologies. Quantification of the nanostructure further indicated that, with increasing potassium concentrations from 1 to 5%, the fringe separation distance and fringe tortuosity of soot particles slightly increased, yet no clear trend was observed in the fringe length. Raman spectral analysis verified the fringe analysis, suggesting that the addition of KCl made the soot nanostructure more disordered with a larger separation distance and higher fringe tortuosity. In addition, oxidation profiles determined that the reactivity of K-doped soot was enhanced because of a decrease in the apparent activation energy (E a) from 167 to 124 kJ/mol. Moreover, E a showed strong linearity with the fringe tortuosity and fringe separation distance, with R 2 values of 0.91 and 0.97, respectively. On the basis of the experimental data, a schematic of four K–soot interaction routes is proposed to better understand the soot formation during the combustion of solid wastes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Potassium Chloride on the Nanostructure and Reactivity of Soot Particles from Combustion of Municipal Solid Waste

Wang³

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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“…Soot is composed of a complex mixture of carbonaceous particles and other materials. The exact composition of soot can vary depending on factors, such as the engine operating conditions, the fuel properties, and the combustion process [24][25][26]. In general, soot particles from GDI engines can contain a range of materials, including elemental carbon, organic compounds, and trace metals, such as lead, cadmium, and nickel [27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-particle Characteristic Emitted from Gasoline Direct Injection Engine Equipped with Non-Thermal Plasma Device

Neamyou,

Theinnoi,

Sawatmongkhon

et al. 2023

E3S Web Conf.

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The impact of non-thermal plasma (NTP) on particulate matter (PM) removal, nitrogen oxide (NOx) reduction, and hydrocarbon species in exhaust gases from gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines using gasoline E20 fuel and a mean effective pressure (IMEP) of 6 bar. The experiments were conducted with an exhaust gas flow rate of 20 L/min, applying high voltage in the range of 0 to 10 kV (2 kV per step) at a frequency of 500 Hz. The results show that NTP reduces PM concentrations, particularly in the nucleation mode (10 nm particles). Maximum PM removal of approximately 83% However, with experimental results, compared to 0 kV, the production of particulate matter Aitken mode increased up to 19 times for a voltage increase of 10 kV, and NOx removal has been at a maximum of about 9.5%, with an energy density of 5 J/L at 10 kV. The effects of NTP on hydrocarbon species such as ethylene, propylene, acetylene, 1.3 butadiene, methane, and ethane have been slightly affected by increased high voltages.

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Effects of a gasoline particulate filter on the physicochemical characteristics of particulate matter from a gasoline engine

Wang

et al. 2023

Atmospheric Pollution Research

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Physicochemical analysis of the exhaust soot from a gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine and the carbon black

Cited by 11 publications

References 44 publications

Effect of Potassium Chloride on the Nanostructure and Reactivity of Soot Particles from Combustion of Municipal Solid Waste

Effect of Potassium Chloride on the Nanostructure and Reactivity of Soot Particles from Combustion of Municipal Solid Waste

Nano-particle Characteristic Emitted from Gasoline Direct Injection Engine Equipped with Non-Thermal Plasma Device

Effects of a gasoline particulate filter on the physicochemical characteristics of particulate matter from a gasoline engine

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