Physico-chemical tuning of palaeogeographic shifts: Bhuj formation, Kutch, India

Mandal, Abhijit; Koner, Amlan; Sarkar, S.; Tawfik, Hossam A.; Chakraborty, Nilanjan; Bhakta, Saikat; Bose, Pradip

doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2016.10.003

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…1c; Table 1). This (after Biswas 1981(after Biswas , 1977; c Composite log of the study area (after Biswas 2005;Fürsich et al 2005;Mandal et al 2016) is conformably overlain by nearly 275-m-thick Callovian-Oxfordian (early syn-rift) sediments of the Jhumara Formation. It consists of argillaceous rocks at the base, which is followed upward by a predominantly carbonate succession with subordinate shale (Biswas 2005).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Detailed investigation revealed that the Jhurio and Jhumara Formations represent shallow marine deposits in the inner to middle shelf (Fürsich et al 1992(Fürsich et al , 2001Krishna et al 2000;Singh 1989), whereas the Jhuran Formation comprises storm-laid sandstones intervening with gray to black shale in outer to inner shelf environments (Arora et al 2015. Recently Mandal et al (2016) and Bansal et al (2017) recorded shallow marine, estuarine and fluvial deposits within the Bhuj Formation. …”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Petrography of Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous sandstones in the Kutch Basin, western India: Implications on provenance and basin evolution

Chaudhuri¹,

Banerjee²,

Pera³

2018

J. Palaeogeogr.

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This paper investigates the provenance of Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous sediments in the Kutch Basin, western India, on the basis of mineralogical investigations of sandstones composition (Quartz-Feldspar-Lithic (QFL) fragment), Zircon-Tourmaline-Rutile (ZTR) index, and mineral chemistry of heavy detrital minerals of the framework. The study also examines the compositional variation of the sandstone in relation to the evolution of the Kutch Basin, which originated as a rift basin during the Late Triassic and evolved into a passive margin basin by the end Cretaceous. This study analyzes sandstone samples of Jhumara, Jhuran and Bhuj Formations of Middle Jurassic, Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous, respectively, in the Kutch Mainland. Sandstones record a compositional evolution from arkosic to subarkosic as the feldspar content decreases from 68% in the Jhumara Formation to 27% in the Bhuj Formation with intermediate values in the Jhuran Formation. The QFL modal composition indicates basement uplifted and transitional continental settings at source. Heavy mineral content of these sandstones reveals the occurrence of zircon, tourmaline, rutile, garnet, apatite, monazite and opaque minerals. Sub-rounded to well-rounded zircon grains indicate a polycyclic origin. ZTR indices for samples in Jhumara, Jhuran and Bhuj Formations are 25%, 30% and 50% respectively. Chemistry of opaque minerals reveals the occurrence of detrital varieties such as ilmenite, rutile, hematite/magnetite and pyrite, in a decreasing order of abundances. Chemistry of ilmenites in the Jhumara Formation reveals its derivation from dual felsic igneous and metabasic source, while those in Jhuran and Bhuj Formations indicate a metabasic derivation. Chemistry of garnet reveals predominantly Fe-rich (almandine) variety of metabasic origin. X-ray microscopic study provides the percentage of heavy minerals ranging from 3% to 5.26%. QFL detrital modes reflect the evolution of the basin from an active rift to a passive margin basin during the Mesozoic. Integration of results from QFL modal composition of the sandstones, heavy mineral analysis and mineral chemistry, suggests sediment supply from both northern and eastern highlands during the Middle Jurassic. The uplift along the Kutch Mainland Fault in the Early Cretaceous results in curtailment of sediment input from north.

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Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrography of Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous sandstones in the Kutch Basin, western India: Implications on provenance and basin evolution

Chaudhuri¹,

Banerjee²,

Pera³

2018

J. Palaeogeogr.

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“…Based on abundance and K 2 O content of glauconite, these authors have distinguished the transgressive systems tract (TST) from highstand systems tract (HST) deposits, separated by a glauconite-rich condensed zone. A thorough study of constituent facies in the lower part of the Bhuj Formation reveals an explicit record of relative sea level rise between two fluvial stratigraphic intervals and the development of estuarine conditions (Mandal et al, 2016). A few studies focus on the source of Mesozoic sediments in the Kutch Basin based on integration of petrography, major and trace element concentration and heavy mineral chemistry (Chaudhuri et al, 2018(Chaudhuri et al, , 2019.…”

Section: Diplocraterion-arenicolites Astereosoma-rhizocoralliummentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine and Fluvial Sedimentation Including Erosion and Sediment Flux in Peninsular Indian Phanerozoic Basins

Banerjee¹,

Ghosh²,

Nagendra³

et al. 2020

PINSA

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This review presents a brief appraisal of the present understanding regarding marine and fluvial sedimentation in peninsular India in the background of global tectono-thermal events and relative sea level changes during the Phanerozoic. Sedimentary basins hosting the Phanerozoic deposits of peninsular India can be broadly categorized into two viz. Gondwana related half grabensand Meso-Cenozoic passive margins. Recent investigations document marine incursions in the former category of basins based on careful analysis of trace fossil assemblage and tide-and wave-originated sedimentary structures. The study of continental carbonates in the Upper Gondwana reveals widespread microbially mediated carbonate formation in freshwater systems, while the mud-dominated fluvial deposits in these basins show unique characteristics of the channel to overbank sediment transfer, related to a balance between sediment flux and erosion.The application of sequence stratigraphy provides a high-resolution analysis of passive continental margin sedimentary succession in Kutch, Cauvery and Jaisalmer basins. The origin of authigenic minerals has been integrated with the sequence stratigraphic framework in several Mesozoic and Cenozoic basins. A thorough biostratigraphic investigation reveals different order of sea-level cycles in the sedimentary deposits of Cauvery and Kutch basins and hyperthermal events in the Cenozoic of Kutch. Distinct ichnological assemblages characterize the transgressive and regressive deposits in Kutch and Jaisalmer basins. Quaternary terrestrial sedimentary records provide a high-resolution palaeoclimatic reconstruction.

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“…The Median Ridge dividing the Kutch Basin was drowned during the course of this sea level rise. The inland marine deposit on the east of Median Ridge that equates with the Ukra Member on the west has been comprehensively studied by Mandal et al (2016). The sedimentological account of the younger two tiers of the 3-tiered Ukra Member with a focus on glauconite distribution has recently been addressed by Bansal et al (2017).…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Ukra Member rests on a transgressive lag ( Fig. 2a) and is overlain by the Upper Terrestrial Member (Mandal et al 2016). Bansal et al (2017) aptly recognized the middle tier as a TST and the top tier as a HST.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancient rip current records and their implications: an example from the Cretaceous Ukra Member, Kutch, India

Sarkar

Koner

2020

J. Palaeogeogr.

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Poorly-sorted conglomerate patches rich in granules or sturdy fossils or both, and reddish mud matrix within the interstices stand out amidst fine-grained siliciclastic shelf sediments of the trangressive systems tract (TST) of the Lower Cretaceous Ukra Member, Kutch Basin, India. The siliciclastic shelf sediments contrast the conglomerates with their remarkable lateral extension. The fossils belong to a low-diversity group of sedentary bivalves that can be traced into the shoreface facies assemblage. The shelf sandstones are almost always sculpted by wave structures, especially hummocky cross-stratification while textures in the conglomerates suggest that the sediment settling was generally from suspensions. Textural variations in conglomerates reflect an immediate variation in flow viscosity prior to the downloading. The current structures obtained from the conglomerates record offshoreward palaeocurrent, in contrast to the shore-parallel palaeocurrent in the TST. The hummocky cross-stratified (HCS) beds are interpreted as seasonal storm deposits, while the conglomerate patches are taken as rip current deposits induced by waves of much longer periods. The glauconite-rich shale that alternates with conglomerates is probable fair-weather products. The conglomerates could not be recognized either in the coarse-grained shoreface deposits occupying the lower part of the overall fining-upward TST or in the coarsening-upward and glauconite-depleted highstand systems tract (HST). In contrast to the TST, the HST is dominantly tide-imprinted, having shore-normal palaeocurrent direction. It appears that intensification of waves and weakening of tides during transgression favored strong rip currents generation, which had presumably caused severe damage to the sea coast and to the shell banks growing preferably at the necks of the rip current channels. Rapid lateral facies transitions in the shoreface deposits at the basal part of the TST suggest enhanced irregularity in the coastline, possibly because of the mega cusps indented upon it. Frequency and intensity of storms enhanced during periods of global warming caused the transgression of the Early Cretaceous Ukra Sea.

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Physico-chemical tuning of palaeogeographic shifts: Bhuj formation, Kutch, India

Cited by 21 publications

References 27 publications

Petrography of Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous sandstones in the Kutch Basin, western India: Implications on provenance and basin evolution

Petrography of Middle Jurassic to Early Cretaceous sandstones in the Kutch Basin, western India: Implications on provenance and basin evolution

Marine and Fluvial Sedimentation Including Erosion and Sediment Flux in Peninsular Indian Phanerozoic Basins

Ancient rip current records and their implications: an example from the Cretaceous Ukra Member, Kutch, India

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