Physico-chemical treatment of pulping effluent: Characterization of flocs and sludge generated after treatment

Lal, Kanhaiya; Garg, Anurag

doi:10.1080/01496395.2017.1292294

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Nevertheless, in both acidic and alkaline circumstances, the alum sludge's colloidal particles might have hydrolyzed and flocs might have formed. However, using the alum sludge without a pH adjustment was more reliable and economical, which facilitated the process [37][38][39]. This investigation of the sludge's original pH showed that the optimal performance was in accordance with previous data reported in the literature [40].…”

Section: Effect Of Ph Valuesupporting

confidence: 86%

Simultaneous Environmental Waste Management through Deep Dewatering of Alum Sludge Using Waste-Derived Cellulose

Nour,

Tony

2024

ChemEngineering

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To simultaneously solve problems in an eco-friendly manner, introducing a waste residual as a sustainable conditioner to aid alum sludge dewatering is suggested as a cradle-to-cradle form of waste management. In this regard, the superiority of deep dewatering alum sludge with a powdered wood chip composite residual as a novel conditioner was explored, whereby traditional conventional conditioners, i.e., polyelectrolytes and lime, were substituted with powdered wood chips. Initially, Fe3O4 was prepared at the nanoscale using a simple co-precipitation route. Next, wooden waste was chemically and thermally treated to attain cellulosic fine powder. Subsequently, the resultant wood powder and Fe3O4 nanoparticles were mixed at 50 wt % to attain a wood powder augmented with iron, and this conditioner was labeled nano-iron-cellulose (nIC-Conditioner). This material (nIC-Conditioner) was mixed with hydrogen peroxide to represent a dual oxidation and skeleton builder conditioning substance. Characterization of the resultant conditioner was carried out using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) transmittance spectrum analysis. The feasibility of the experimental results revealed that the moisture content in the sludge cake was lower after conditioning, and the capillary suction time (CST) was reduced to 78% compared to that of raw alum sludge after 5 min of dewatering time. Moreover, the optimal system parameters, including nIC-Conditioner and H2O2 concentrations, as well as the working pH, were optimized, and optimal values were recorded at 1 g/L and 200 mg/L for nIC-Conditioner and H2O2, respectively, with a pH of 6.5. Additionally, scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses of the sludge prior to and after conditioning were conducted to verify the change in sludge molecules due to this conditioning technique. The results of this study confirm the sustainability of an alum sludge and waste management facility.

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Section: Effect Of Ph Valuesupporting

confidence: 86%

Simultaneous Environmental Waste Management through Deep Dewatering of Alum Sludge Using Waste-Derived Cellulose

Nour,

Tony

2024

ChemEngineering

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“…− in the gl-ε-Al13 molecular structure, respectively [27]. In addition, the absorption band at 2148 cm −1 indicates the unsymmetrical stretching of water molecules coordinated with the gl-ε-Al13 molecules during the synthesis method [28]. Furthermore, the absorption band of the Al-O metal complex containing oxo and hydroxyl bridges characteristic of the Al polynuclear species in the PACl is observed at the regions 850-900 cm −1 [29].…”

Section: Characterization Datamentioning

confidence: 98%

Synthesis of Polyaluminum Chloride Coagulant from Waste Aluminum Foil and Utilization in Petroleum Wastewater Treatment

Youssef,

Younis,

El-Fawal

et al. 2023

Separations

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This work investigates the potential synthesis of cost-effective polyaluminum chloride (PACl) coagulant from waste household aluminum foil and utilization for treating petroleum wastewater (PWW), especially dissolved organic compounds (DOC, like octanol–water mixture) and nonsettleable suspended (NSS-kaolin) mineral particles. Based on the Standard Practice for Coagulation–Flocculation Jar Test, the efficiency of PACl for DOC and NSS removal was evaluated in relation to the effects of the operational parameters. The results demonstrated that the as-prepared PACl has an amorphous morphology with a Keggin-type e-Al13 molecular structure {Na[AlO4(OH)24(H2O)]·xH2O and good thermal stability up to 278 °C. PACl coagulant also exhibited a higher efficiency for NSS removal than DOC by around 1.5- to 1.9-fold under broad pH (5–7), while a higher acidic/alkaline pH disrupts the sweep floc formation. An increased PACl dosage (over 25 mg/L) also caused a decrease in the coagulation efficiency by 11.7% due to Al species’ transformation and pH depression (from 6.8 to 4.9) via increased PACl hydrolysis. With a fast rotating speed of 280 rpm for 2 min, the minimum dose of PACl (10–25 mg/L) can maximize the removal efficiency of NSS (~98%) and DOC (~69%) at pH 6.5 ± 0.5 and 35 °C after 30 min of settling time. Treating actual saline PWW samples (salinity up to 187.7 g/L) also verified the high efficacy of PACl coagulation performance in reducing the turbidity and dissolved hydrocarbons by more than 75.5% and 67.7%, respectively. These findings verify the techno-economic feasibility of the as-prepared PACl coagulant in treating PWW treatment at different salinity levels.

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“…This suggests the presence of CC, CN, and CO bonds attached to the ring structure of protein molecules, alcohol or ether, or the stretching of the COC group observed in polysaccharides. 45 The mentioned groups are the useful active sites responsible for the attachment of colloids, suspended solids, and mucilage, which is the main backbone of polymers found in aloe vera and is responsible for adsorption activity during inter-particle bridging.…”

Section: Aloe Veramentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of palm oil mill effluents using rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) and its modeling using artificial neural networks

Bunyamin,

Sethu,

Arumugasamy

et al. 2023

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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Palm oil extraction is one of the important industries in Malaysia. The extraction of palm oil will not only result in the production of palm oil for human consumption but also generate palm oil mill effluent (POME), which contains highly polluting properties. Synthetic coagulants such as aluminum sulfate (alum), aluminum chloride, and sodium aluminate contribute toward environmental pollution and risk to human health. Thus, natural coagulants and flocculants have been introduced throughout the globe to slowly replace synthetic coagulants. In this study, rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) seed was used as natural coagulants combining with aloe vera as natural flocculants. The standard jar test experiments were conducted to study the effects of pH, coagulant dosages, and rapid mixing speed on the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspension solid (TSS), and turbidity of POME. The model of the coagulation–flocculation process was evaluated by using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN). RSM associated with Box–Behnken design was used to identify the optimum parameters (inputs), which consist of pH, coagulants dosages and rapid mixing speed for the optimum removal efficiency (outputs) of COD, TSS, and turbidity of POME. In terms of removal efficiency of COD, TSS, and turbidity of POME, rambutan seed has the optimum removal efficiency of 28.48%, 56.38%, and 60.36%, respectively. ANN was utilized with the aim of evaluating the performance of 12 training algorithms to predict the output results. Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) training algorithm was verified to be the best training algorithm for coagulation–flocculation process of rambutan seed based on the lowest mean squared error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) for validation data and the correlation coefficient R of .9347.

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Physico-chemical treatment of pulping effluent: Characterization of flocs and sludge generated after treatment

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Simultaneous Environmental Waste Management through Deep Dewatering of Alum Sludge Using Waste-Derived Cellulose

Simultaneous Environmental Waste Management through Deep Dewatering of Alum Sludge Using Waste-Derived Cellulose

Synthesis of Polyaluminum Chloride Coagulant from Waste Aluminum Foil and Utilization in Petroleum Wastewater Treatment

Treatment of palm oil mill effluents using rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) and its modeling using artificial neural networks

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