Physico‐chemical studies on agricultural sprays. II.—The phytotoxicity of surface‐active agents on leaves of apple and plum trees

Furmidge, C. G. L.

doi:10.1002/jsfa.2740100504

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Sodium lauryl sulfate, used in the lab cleaning method, is an anionic surfactant. Anionic (and nonionic) surfactants have the ability to solubilize water‐insoluble materials such as cutin and dissolve a larger portion of the cuticle barrier (Furmidge, 1959). By using the lab cleaning method, we may have effectively removed particles embedded in the plant surface by solubilizing the cutin lipid cover; therefore, lab‐cleaned tomatoes and Swiss chard showed lower Pb concentrations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Evaluations on Soil Plant Transfer of Lead from an Urban Garden Soil

et al. 2014

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Lead (Pb) is one of the most common contaminants in urban soils. Gardening in contaminated soils can result in Pb transfer from soil to humans through vegetable consumption and unintentional direct soil ingestion. A field experiment was conducted in 2009 and 2010 in a community urban garden with a soil total Pb concentration of 60 to 300 mg kg−1. The objectives of this study were to evaluate soil–plant transfer of Pb, the effects of incorporation of a leaf compost as a means of reducing Pb concentrations in vegetables and the bioaccessibility of soil Pb, and the effects of vegetable cleaning techniques on the Pb concentrations in the edible portions of vegetables. The amount of compost added was 28 kg m−2. The tested plants were Swiss chard, tomato, sweet potato, and carrots. The vegetable cleaning techniques were kitchen cleaning, laboratory cleaning, and peeling. Compost addition diluted soil total Pb concentration by 29 to 52%. Lead concentrations of the edible portions of vegetables, except carrot, were below the maximum allowable limits of Pb established by the Food and Agriculture Organization and the World Health Organization. Swiss chard and tomatoes subjected to kitchen cleaning had higher Pb concentrations than laboratory‐cleaned plants. Cleaning methods did not affect Pb concentrations in carrots. Bioaccessible Pb in the compost‐added soils was 20 to 30% less than that of the no‐compost soils; compost addition reduced the potential of transferring soil Pb to humans via vegetable consumption and direct soil ingestion. Thorough cleaning of vegetables further reduced the potential of transferring soil Pb to humans.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Evaluations on Soil Plant Transfer of Lead from an Urban Garden Soil

et al. 2014

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“…It should be noted that factors of time, concentration, temperature, and POE chain length on surfactant solubilization of ECW closely parallel their effects on phytotoxicity (26,35), ECW softening (46), and cuticular membrane permeability (6,7,40).…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 98%

Evidence for Surfactant Solubilization of Plant Epicuticular Wax

Tamura

Knoche

Bukovac

2001

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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The solubilization of isolated, reconstituted tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit and broccoli (Brassica oleracaea var. botrytis L.) leaf epicuticular waxes (ECW) by nonionic octylphenoxypolyethoxy ethanol surfactant (Triton X-100) was demonstrated in a model system by TLC and fluorescence analysis using pyrene as a fluorescent probe. ECW was solubilized at or above the surfactant critical micelle concentration; solubilization increased with an increase in micelle concentration. As shown by the fluorescence quenching of pyrene, surfactant solubilization of the ECW increased rapidly for the first 12 h, then approached a plateau, increased linearly with an increase in temperature (22--32 degrees C), and decreased linearly with the log of the polyoxyethylene chain length (range 5--40 oxyethylenes). These data are discussed in relation to surfactant effects on phytotoxicity and performance of foliar spray application of agrochemicals.

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“…Surfactants are potentially phytotoxic and this may limit their usefulness (Furmidge, 1959;Shafer & Bukovac, 1988;Lownds & Bukovac, 1989). Surfactant phytotoxicity has been evaluated in ion leakage, pigment efflux and ethylene production assays using leaves, leaf disks or explant systems, e.g.…”

Section: Surfactant Phytotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%