Physico-Chemical Properties and the Degradation of Oat Bran Polysaccharides in the Gut of Pigs

Johansen, H. N.; Knudsen, Knud Erik Bach; Wood, Peter; Fulcher, R. G.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0010(199701)73:1<81::aid-jsfa695>3.0.co;2-z

Cited by 82 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This is supported by the result of the companion study (Pieper et al, 2008) in which higher numbers of lactobacilli were found in the small intestine of pigs fed hulled barley diets supplemented with BBG isolates. Moreover, it has previously been shown that significant amounts of soluble b-glucan are already fermented in the upper GIT (Johansen et al, 1997). In the large intestine, LA is metabolized to SCFA, mainly to n-butyrate by cross feeding between bacterial species in the gut ecosystem (Flint et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Barley and oat cultivars with diverse carbohydrate composition alter ileal and total tract nutrient digestibility and fermentation metabolites in weaned piglets

Jha

Rossnagel

Pieper

et al. 2010

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of cereal carbohydrate form (isolated v. cereal matrix) and level, especially mixed-linked b-glucan (hereafter referred to as b-glucan) and starch amylase/amylopectin ratio on nutrient digestibility and fermentation parameters in the intestines of weaned pigs. Four hulless barley cultivars containing varying b-glucan levels (41 to 84 g/kg) were compared with hulled barley, supplemented or not with a b-glucan concentrate (BBG; 270 g/kg b-glucan) and two oat cultivars for digestibility and fermentation metabolites. Seventy-two weaned piglets (BW 5 12.8 6 1.9 kg) were assigned to one of nine diets composed of 815 g/kg cereal, 60 g/kg whey, 90 g/kg soy protein isolate and 35 g/kg minerals. After 15 days, the pigs were killed, and digesta collected from ileum and colon were analyzed for proximate nutrients, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), lactic acid (LA) and ammonia. Ileal and total tract digestibility of proximate nutrients and non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) were determined using HCl-insoluble ash as a marker. Organic matter (OM) ileal digestibility was greater (P , 0.05) for diets based on hulless barley (77% 6 1.1% on average), as compared with hulled barley (64% 6 1.4%) and oat (58% 6 1.5%). Similar trends were found for total tract OM digestibility, varying from 90% 6 0.3% for hulless barley to 67% 6 0.4% for oat, on average. NSP digestibility differed (P , 0.05) within and between cereal types, ranging from 20% (hulled barley plus 163 g/kg BBG or , 40 g/kg b-glucan) to 51% (SB94893 hulless barley cultivar with high b-glucan and high amylose ratio) at the ileum and from 44% (hulled barley) to 84% (SB94893 cultivar) at the total tract level. No dietary effect (P . 0.05) was found for SCFA concentration in ileal contents, whereas in colonic contents, SCFA was lower in pigs fed oat (P , 0.001). LA concentration was greater (P , 0.001) in the colon of pigs fed hulless barley than in pigs fed hulled barley and oat. Expressed per kg carbohydrate (NSP 1 starch) fermented, the ammonia concentration at the colon was lowest for hulled barley diets (supplemented with b-glucan) and the highest for oat diets. In conclusion, the interaction of both form and level of b-glucan impacted nutrient digestibility and fermentation. Hulless barleys with high soluble NSP such as b-glucan and resistant starch yielded, in general higher SCFA and LA and lower ammonia. Hulless barleys may, therefore, have potential for use in feeding strategies designed to improve gut health in pigs.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Barley and oat cultivars with diverse carbohydrate composition alter ileal and total tract nutrient digestibility and fermentation metabolites in weaned piglets

Jha

Rossnagel

Pieper

et al. 2010

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…With a higher molecular weight, this glucan potentially remained intact for a longer time period than the algal b-glucans, therefore exerting a prebiotic suppression of deleterious bacteria to a greater extent than both algal b-glucan examined. Johansen et al (1997) examined the digestibility of carbohydrates in the GIT contents of pigs fed diets based on oat bran. Microscopic examination of digesta showed that b-glucan retained intact endospermic cell wall structure until the distal small intestine but was completely disrupted in the caecum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of bacterial community shifts in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs fed diets supplemented with β-glucan from Laminaria digitata, Laminaria hyperborea and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Murphy

Bello

O’Doherty

et al. 2013

Animal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of algal and yeast b-glucans on the porcine gastrointestinal microbiota, specifically the community of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and coliforms. A total of 48 pigs were fed four diets over a 28-day period to determine the effect that each had on these communities. The control diet consisted of wheat and soya bean meal. The remaining three diets contained wheat and soya bean meal supplemented with b-glucan at 250 g/tonne from Laminaria digitata, Laminaria hyperborea or Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Faecal samples were collected from animals before feeding each diet and after the feeding period. The animals were slaughtered the following day and samples were collected from the stomach, ileum, caecum, proximal colon and distal colon. Alterations in Lactobacillus in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) were analysed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profiles generated by group-specific 16S rRNA gene PCR amplicons. Plate count analysis was also performed to quantify total coliforms. DGGE profiles indicated that all b-glucan diets provoked the emergence of a richer community of Lactobacillus. The richest community of lactobacilli emerged after feeding L. digitata (LD b-glucan). Plate count analysis revealed that the L. hyperborea (LH b-glucan) diet had a statistically significant effect on the coliform counts in the proximal colon in comparison with the control diet. b-glucan from L. digitata and S. cerevisiae also generally reduced coliforms but to a lesser extent. Nevertheless, the b-glucan diets did not significantly reduce levels of Lactobacillus or Bifidobacterium. DGGE analysis of GIT samples indicated that the three b-glucan diets generally promoted the establishment of a more varied range of Lactobacillus species in the caecum, proximal and distal colon. The LH b-glucan had the most profound reducing effect on coliform counts when compared with the control diet and diets supplemented with L. digitata and S. cerevisiae b-glucans.Keywords: b-glucans, pigs, algae, yeast, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis ImplicationsAdministration of antibiotics to animals has come under intense scrutiny because of their contribution to the dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria into the food chain. Algal and yeast b-glucans are biologically active resources from nature. With respect to animal production, an important goal is to determine the optimal microbiota for the animal and then be able to manipulate the microbiota through the diet, supplements, etc. to obtain the desired microbiota. b-glucans derived from macroalgae and yeast aid in gut health during periods of intestinal imbalance, leading to the alteration in the microbial community composition and hence offering an easily accessible alternative to antibiotics. This paper focuses on the use of a molecular and a cultivation-based method to monitor fluctuations in the gastrointestinal microbiota caused by algal and yeast b-glucan supplementation of the pig diet. Molecular analysis of the Lactobaci...

show abstract

“…The cells of the aleurone and sub-aleurone layers of oat have thick walls (Wood, 1986) and were present particularly in the diets containing oat bran and coarse oat products. Studies on pigs have shown that the aleurone cells from oats retain their integrity to a high degree in the stomach and upper small intestine of pigs (Johansen et al 1997) with consequently lower ileal and faecal digestibility of protein in oats compared with wheat in pigs Bach Knudsen et al 1993a,b;Bach Knudsen & Canibe, 2000). In contrast, our present results suggest that in the rats these rigid cell walls had no major effect on the digestibility of protein and fat, which is in agreement with other studies indicating that intact cell structures seem to be less important for rats than for human subjects (Livesey, 1991;Wisker et al 1996).…”

Section: Species Differences In the Digestion Of Feed Macrostructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

The rat as a model for pigs: comparative values for the digestibility of NSP and other macronutrients

Wisker

Knudsen

2003

Br J Nutr

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present investigation was undertaken to study whether conventional male Wistar rats could be used as a model for pigs with regard to total tract digestibilities of NSP and macronutrients and whether nebacitin-treated rats could be used as a model for small intestinal digestibility in pigs. Nineteen experimental diets prepared from different fractions of wheat and oats, and which all had been evaluated in experiments with ileal cannulated pigs, were used for the present study. There was a close relationship between the total tract digestibilities of organic matter in the two species. The same was the case with regard to the digestibility of total NSP and arabinoxylans, but the values were on average 6 % lower in rats than in pigs. On average, there were no significant differences between rats and pigs with regard to faecal protein digestibility. However, protein in oat-based diets was significantly better digested in the rat than the pig. The digestibility of fat was consistently higher in rats than in pigs, with the biggest difference being found in oat-based diets, in which most of the fat was locked in cell structures. For the wheat-based diets, in which a large proportion of the fat was present as added fat, there was a greater similarity between the two species. In nebacitin-treated rats the digestibility of organic matter, starch, protein and fat was negatively related to the dietary level of NSP, but this model could not be used to predict the small intestinal digestibility of NSP and macronutrients in ileal-cannulated pigs.Digestibility: Non-starch polysaccharides: Protein: Fat: Pigs: RatsThe laboratory rat has been widely used to investigate basic principles of nutrition in single-stomached animals. In contrast to human nutrition, however, the use of rats as models in pig nutrition is less well accepted, because it is relatively easy to obtain results from the pig itself. The great value of the rat as a model lies in the economic factors associated with facilities and time, which allows the use of large numbers of animals and a rapid production of results.The digestibility of energy and protein in the pig and rat is highly correlated for several diets (Eggum, 1973;Eggum et al. 1982), indicating that the rat may be a good model for pigs for these variables. However, it is less clear whether rats are also suitable models for pigs with regard to the digestibility of other nutrients and the fermentation of non-digestible carbohydrates, primarily as NSP, by the gut microflora. Like the pig, rats harbour a permanent bacterial flora in the stomach and small intestine, and similar groups of bacteria were found in the large intestine of both species (Jensen, 1992). However, there are obvious differences between rats and pigs that may be of importance for the microbial fermentation. The relative size of the caecum in rats is bigger than in pigs and the rat may practise coprophagy. Further, the rat is a small animal with a faster transit through the gut, and this can reduce bacterial polysaccharide breakdown co...

show abstract

Physico-Chemical Properties and the Degradation of Oat Bran Polysaccharides in the Gut of Pigs

Cited by 82 publications

References 22 publications

Barley and oat cultivars with diverse carbohydrate composition alter ileal and total tract nutrient digestibility and fermentation metabolites in weaned piglets

Barley and oat cultivars with diverse carbohydrate composition alter ileal and total tract nutrient digestibility and fermentation metabolites in weaned piglets

Analysis of bacterial community shifts in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs fed diets supplemented with β-glucan from Laminaria digitata, Laminaria hyperborea and Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The rat as a model for pigs: comparative values for the digestibility of NSP and other macronutrients

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About