Physico‐Chemical Properties and Principal Component Analysis of Biobased Thermosets Developed with Different Batches of Industrial Humins

Abstract

Humins have already shown their potential as thermosetting resins to produce crosslinked networks and composites, with a large variety of properties depending on the used macromolecular approach. Our group has shown that a very interesting class of materials with tunable flexibility can be made by humins co‐polymerization with glycerol diglycidyl ether (GDE). To create a clearer picture on structure‐reactivity‐properties‐application interdependent relationship, a principal component analysis (PCA) was applied on several humins batches. The PCA allowed to obtain a clear discrimination between the humins/GDE resins samples in 3 groups which correlate very well with the results of copolymerization reactivity (DSC) and thermosets properties: crosslink density, thermal stability, tan δ, Shore D hardness values, etc.

Lattice Boltzmann Method and Back-Propagation Artificial Neural Network-Based Coke Mapping of Solid Acid Catalyst in Fructose Conversion

“…In Table , the properties of catalysts and humins are collected from previous literature. ,− The dynamic viscosity and diffusion coefficient were calculated using experimental data fitting formula and Wilke–Chang equation discussed in Supporting Information (Section S2). The simplified dynamic viscosity, kinematic viscosity, and diffusion coefficient equation is η normals normalo normall normalu normalt normali normalo normaln = 2.414 × 10 − 5 × 10 247.8 / T − 140 υ normals normalo normall normalu normalt normali normalo normaln = η s o l u t i o n ρ s o l u t i o n D i = D i , 0 × T T 0 × η normals normalo normall normalu normalt normali normalo normaln , 0 η s o l u t i o n where η solution is the dynamic viscosity of water, υ solution is...…”

“…In Table , the properties of catalysts and humins are collected from previous literature. ,− The dynamic viscosity and diffusion coefficient were calculated using experimental data fitting formula and Wilke–Chang equation discussed in Supporting Information (Section S2). The simplified dynamic viscosity, kinematic viscosity, and diffusion coefficient equation is where η solution is the dynamic viscosity of water, υ solution is the kinetic viscosity of water, and D i is the diffusion coefficient.…”

On the gelation of humins: from transient to covalent networks

“…Moreover, the use of raw humins as a feedstock for the preparation of new materials is a particularly promising route due to its simplicity and straightforward applicability. Polymeric materials such as porous foams, [21][22][23][24] thermoset resins, [25][26][27] elastomers 28 or polymer blends 29 have been investigated for value-added applications including capacitors, 30 binders, 31 catalysis, 32,33 adsorbents, 34,35 reinforced composites 36,37 or self-healing robotics. 29 As described above, humins are becoming an increasingly popular choice for the preparation of novel polymeric materials.…”