Physico-Chemical Defense of Vertebrate Organisms: The Role of Bile Acids in Defense Against Bacterial Endotoxins

Bertók, L

doi:10.1353/pbm.1977.0019

Cited by 61 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The data also showed that the concentration of plasma total cholesterol had an inverse correlation with the peak amounts of total lipids in the liver at days 3 and 8 postpartum, which may indicate a beneficial role of high cholesterol in the prevention of fatty liver. Cholesterol is the precursor of bile acids and the latter play a primary role in protection from gastrointestinal translocation of endotoxins to blood (Bertok 1977).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong relationships between mediators of the acute phase response and fatty liver in dairy cows

Ametaj¹,

Bradford²,

Bobe³

et al. 2005

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

152

125

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. 2005. Strong relationships between mediators of the acute phase response and fatty liver in dairy cows. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 85: [165][166][167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174][175]. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between activation of acute phase response and fatty liver in transition dairy cows. Fatty liver was induced in dairy cows by feeding 8 kg of cracked corn 1 mo before the expected day of parturition. Liver and blood samples were obtained at days -4, 3, 8, 12, 14, 22, 27, and 36 postpartum. Cows that developed fatty liver (n = 4) reached peak total lipids in the liver at day 12 postpartum with 11.4% (wet wt.) compared with 6.6% in control cows (n = 4). Cows with fatty liver had greater plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), and lower lactate concentrations than did control cows at day -4. During highest concentrations of total lipids in the liver, for at least one time-point, fatty-liver cows had greater concentrations of plasma serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin, and NEFA and lower concentrations of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ), cortisol, and TNF-α than did control cows. Concentrations of total lipids in the liver at 12 d postpartum were correlated (a) positively with plasma TNF-α, SAA, and NEFA and negatively with plasma CGRP before calving, (b) positively with plasma SAA, haptoglobin, and NEFA and negatively with plasma PGE 2 , CGRP, total cholesterol, and glucose at days 3, 8, and 12 postpartum, and (c) negatively with concentrations of plasma glucose, lactate, and total bilirubin after day 12 postpartum. In conclusion, this study indicates that the acute phase response occurs in cows with fatty liver as well as strong relationships between mediators of immune response and fatty liver. Mots clés: Réponse phase aiguë, foie gras, vaches laitièresFatty liver is a common metabolic disorder that affects almost half of all dairy cows immediately after parturition.Despite much progress in understanding metabolic events during the development of fatty liver, the precise mechanisms of the pathology remain unclear. The conventional view is that fatty liver is characterized by excess liver triacylglycerols (TAG) arising from a negative energy balance after parturition (Bauchart et al. 1998). The negative energy balance evokes a major mobilization of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) from adipose tissue and increased uptake of

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strong relationships between mediators of the acute phase response and fatty liver in dairy cows

Ametaj¹,

Bradford²,

Bobe³

et al. 2005

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

152

125

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“…Bile inhibits bacterial overgrowth, has a trophic effect on the intestinal mucosa, 27 decreases epithelial internalization of enteric bacteria, 28 exerts detergent actions with anti-adherence effects, and binds and neutralizes endotoxins. 29,30 Therefore, the absence of bile in the intestine has been shown to facilitate BT [31][32][33][34] and to enhance endotoxin-induced BT. 35 Studies of BT in ob- structive jaundice have been controversial, 32,36,37 and although a study showed a higher incidence of BT in such patients, 38 it did not correlate with the development of systemic infection.…”

Section: Intestinal Mucosal Barriermentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial translocation (BT) in cirrhosis

Wiest¹,

2005

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“…Bile salts have a detergent-like activity, which can make bacterial membranes permeable and can eventually lead to membrane collapse and cell damage [22] . Alternatively, bile salts are thought to prevent intestinal endotoxin and bacterial translocation by binding directly intraluminal endotoxin and bacteria, and creating poorly absorbed detergent-like complexes [23] .…”

Section: Bile and The Immune Barriermentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathophysiology of increased intestinal permeability in obstructive jaundice

Stelios¹,

Assimakopoulos²,

Chrisoula³

et al. 2007

WJG

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Despite advances in preoperative evaluation and postoperative care, intervention, especially surgery, for relief of obstructive jaundice still carries high morbidity and mortality rates, mainly due to sepsis and renal dysfunction. The key event in the pathophysiology of obstructive jaundice-associated complications is endotoxemia of gut origin because of intestinal barrier failure. This breakage of the gut barrier in obstructive jaundice is multi-factorial, involving disruption of the immunologic, biological and mechanical barrier. Experimental and clinical studies have shown that obstructive jaundice results in increased intestinal permeability. The mechanisms implicated in this phenomenon remain unresolved, but growing research interest during the last decade has shed light in our knowledge in the field. This review summarizes the current concepts in the pathophysiology of obstructive jaundice-induced gut barrier dysfunction, analyzing pivotal factors, such as altered intestinal tight junctions expression, oxidative stress and imbalance of enterocyte proliferation and apoptosis. Clinicians handling patients with obstructive jaundice should not neglect protecting the intestinal barrier function before, during and after intervention for the relief of this condition, which may improve their patients' outcome.

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Physico-Chemical Defense of Vertebrate Organisms: The Role of Bile Acids in Defense Against Bacterial Endotoxins

Cited by 61 publications

References 9 publications

Strong relationships between mediators of the acute phase response and fatty liver in dairy cows

Strong relationships between mediators of the acute phase response and fatty liver in dairy cows

Bacterial translocation (BT) in cirrhosis

Pathophysiology of increased intestinal permeability in obstructive jaundice

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